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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
social control
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the use of sanctions and rewards within a group to influence and shape the behavior of individual members of that group
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criminology
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the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders
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evidence based practice
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crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research
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multiculturalism
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the existence within one society of diverse groups that maintain unique culural identities while frequently accepting and participating in the larger society's legal and political systems
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due process model
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a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of the justice system processing
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crime control model
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a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the effiecient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders
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due process
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a right guaranteed to all defendants that they will go through all proper legal procesign outlines in the criminal jsutice system
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concurrent sentence
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one of two or more sentences imposed at the same, after conviction for more than one offense and served at the same time
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consecutive sentence
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one of two or more sentences imposed at the same time after conviction for more than one offense and served in sequence with the other sentence
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trial
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in criminal proceedings the examination in court of the issues of fact and relevant law in case for the purpose of convicting or acquitting the defendent
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arraignment
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strictly the hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case in which the identity of the defendent is established the defendent is informed of the charge and of his or her rights and is required to enter a plea
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grand jury
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a gorup of jurors who have been selected according to law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused person to trial
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indictment
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a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury allegint hat a specified person has commited a specified offense, usually a felony
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information
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a formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor allegint hat a specified person has committed a specified offense
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probable cause
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a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonable intelliegent person to determine that someone has committed a crime
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preliminary hearing
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a proceeding before a judicial oficer where three things are established: whether a crime was commited, whether the crime took place in the territorial jurisdiction of that court, and if there is reason to believe the defendent commitid the crime
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conflict model
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a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the systems components function primarily to serve their own interests
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consensus model
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a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the sustems components work togeter harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice
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criminal justice system
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the aggregate of all operating and administrative or technical supposrt agencies that perform criminal justice functions
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administration of justice
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the performance of any of the following activities, detection, apprehension, prosectution, etc
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criminal justice
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in the strictess sense, the criminal law the law of criminal rocedure and the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of this body of law
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civil justice
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the civil law the law of civil proecdure and the array of procedures and activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action
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social justice
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an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong
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justice
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the principle of fairness and the ideal of moral equity
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public order advocate
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one who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interest in society should take precendence over individual rights
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individual rights advocate
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one who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice
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US Patriot Act
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a fedreal law, enacted in response to 9/11
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individual rights
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the rights guaranteed to all members of the american society
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crime
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conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legal ly acceptable justification or excuse
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