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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rational choice theory |
The view that crime is a function of a decision making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act. |
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Classical criminology |
A theory of crime suggesting that criminal behavior is a matter of personal choice, made after the individual considers its costs and benefits, and that the criminal behavior reflects the needs of the offender. |
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Offense specific crime |
The view that an offender reacts selectively to the characteristic of a particular criminal act |
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Offender specific crime |
The view that offenders evaluate their skills motives, needs, and fears before deciding to commit the criminal act |
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Johns |
Men who solicit sex workers |
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Situational crime prevention |
A method of crime prevention that seeks to eliminate or reduce particular crimes in specific settings. |
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Defensible space |
The principle that crime can be prevented or displaced by modifying the physical environment to reduce the opportunity that individuals have to commit crime. |
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Crime discouragers |
People who serve as guardians of property of people. |
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Diffusion |
An effect that occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another |
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Dicouragement |
An effect that occurs when crime control efforts targeting a particular locale help reduce crime in surrounding areas and population |
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Displacement |
An effect that occurs when crime control efforts simply move, or redirect offenders to less heavily guarded alternative targets. |
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Extinction |
An effect that occurs when a crime reduction programs produce a short-term positive effect, but benefits dissipate as criminals adjust to new conditions |
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Replacement
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An effect that occurs when criminals try new offenses they had previously avoided because situation crime prevention programs neutralized their crime of choice |
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General deterrence |
A crime control police that depends on the fear of criminal penalties convincing the potential law violator that the pains associated with crime outweigh its benefits. |
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Marginal deterrence |
Occurs when a relatively more severe penalty will produce some reduction in crime |
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Restrictive deterrence |
Refers to situation in which the threat of punishment can reduce but not eliminate crime. |
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Specific deterrence |
The view that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that offenders will never repeat their criminal acts |
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Incapacitation effect
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The idea that keeping offenders in confinement will eliminate the risk of their committing further offenses. |
