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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
xenophobia & stereotyping
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Classifying people, places, or things solely on common traits while ignoring individual differences that make these comparisons invalid.
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equivocation
vague / ambiguous language |
A logical fallacy in which the same word is used with two or more different meanings.
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semantics
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Scholars who study the effects of language on mental health and behavior.
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allusion
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reference made to someone in history or a hero in the movies
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illusion
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When you think you see something that is not there.
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metaphor
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A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
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simile
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A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, (e.g., as brave as a lion).
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symbolism
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The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
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hyperbole
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Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
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cliche
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platitude: a trite or obvious remark.
over used phrase. |
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Euphemism
Reification |
The use of a less direct but softer or more acceptable term to describe an event, person, or object.
A process by which words become more powerful and real than objective reality.(pate and cat food) |
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Spin
aka p.c. language |
Used to put the words and behavior of people in a positive light so that a positive reaction may result or a negative reaction may be minimized.
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Politically Correct P.C. Language
aka p.c. language |
Politicians on right[conservatives] and left[liberals or progressives seeking political change] force changes in the language by redefining political terms to remove words certain groups found offensive.
i.e. "fired" vs. "downsized" |
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euphemism
aka reification |
Use of less direct but softer, more acceptable term to describe an event, person, or object.
"died vs. passed away" "fat vs. full bodied" |
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jargon
aka gobbledygook |
Specialized language used to exclude or impress people who don't understand the terminology.
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gobbledygook
aka jargon |
Vague or inflated language used to confuse or overwhelm those who hear it.
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vague
ambiguous language |
A problem that arises with the use of nonspecific or abstract words. A word of phrase is vague when its meaning is unclear.
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ambiguous language
aka vague |
Having two or more possible meanings. Ambiguity in language occurs when the meaning of words is unclear or uncertain. Such ambiguity can lead to confusion and misunderstanding.
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doublespeak
aka weasel words |
Language used to lie or mislead while pretending to tell the truth. Doublespeak includes the use of euphemism, jargon, gobbledygook, and weasel words.
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weasel words
aka doublespeak |
A word used to evade or retreat from a direct or forthright statement or position.
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ethnocentrism
aka sociocentrism |
The tendency to view one's own race or culture as central, based on the deep-seated belief that one's own group is superior to all others.
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rationalization
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A defense mechanism that underlies many others; it involves justifying or making sense of things that don't make sense and explaining things away that should be brought under examination.
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pluralistic ignorance
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Tendency for people to see what everyone else is doing before responding in the publics best interest.
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irony & satire as writer's purpose
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The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of a play, novel, film, or other work that uses satire.
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correlation
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A relationship or connection between two objects or events. Noting a correlation is sometimes the first step in exploring causation, but it does not equal causation.
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causation
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A connection between two events in which it is established that one event caused the other.
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pejorative language
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.
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post hoc ergo propter hoc [cause/effect]
fallacies;false cause |
A fallacy that occurs when there is no real proof that one event caused another event; there is only evidence that one event came after another event.
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nonsequitur
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.
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begging the question
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A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer assumes what needs to be proven.
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red herring
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A fallacy in which reasons offered to support conclusions lead the listener away from the issue under consideration.
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nonsequitur
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Noun.A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.
Synonyms.paralogism |
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ad hominem
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A Latin term meaning "to the man" or attacking the person. Ad hominem occurs when a person is attacked on a personal quality that is irrelevant to the issue under discussion.
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