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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
culture |
the shared rules that govern the behaviour of a group of people and enable the members of that group to co-exist and survive. the filter through which we see and understand our current reality |
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cultural psychologists |
study the way in which people are affected by their culture |
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cross-cultural psychologists |
compare the similarities and differences in behaviour across cultures. |
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emic approach (research methods) |
focuses on specific cultural group and examining particular psychological aspects of that group. |
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etic approach (research method) |
searches for commonalities or differences across cultures. |
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cross-cultural comparison studies |
comparing two or more different cultures in relation to a particular psychological variables. |
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internal locus of control |
base their success on their own success and control their own life |
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external locus of control
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blame external factors (other people or environmental factors) for their success or failure. |
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enculturation |
process of absorbing and internalisng the rules the culture we live in. |
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cross-cultural validation studies |
examine whether a psychological variable in one culture can be applied and have meaning in another culture. |
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unpackaging studies |
try to explain why cultural differences occur, looking at a range of variables that might account for divergence on a particular aspect. |
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the dimensions of culture |
every culture has a set of 'unwritten rules' every member wants to abide by. they are: time, emotion, interpersonal, context, tight vs loose and individual vs collectivist. |
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time and culture |
monochronic - time is divided into linear segments, closely regulated, scheduled. polychronic - time is fluid, less closely regulated and pay less attention to schedules. |
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emotion and culture |
cultural display rules - difference in relation to rules on the appropriateness of displaying certain emotions in particular social circumstances. |
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interpersonal and culture |
3 types: intimate, social and consultative, and public space. conservational distance - how close people stand to each other when they're talking and related to intimate space. |
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context and culture |
high-context: close attention to nonverbal signs like body language and decoding the meaning behind words. low-context: pay close attention to what people actually say or do, interrupt them literally. |
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tight vs loose |
tight: groups members are expected to closely adhere to cultural norms and expectations. loose: norms are unclear deviance from norms is tolerated. |
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individualism vs collectivism |
individualist culture: individual over the group. collectivist culture: group over the individual. |
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multiculturalism |
a situation where multiple cultures exist within a country . |
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pluralism |
theres a general acceptance not just of the existence of many different cultural and ethnic groups but also their right to retain their cultural heritage and coexist. |
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culture shock |
feeling of disorientation and anxiety that occurs as people from one culture encounter and adapt to the practices, rules and expectations of another culture. |
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acculturation |
the changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come into contact with another culture. several types: assimilation, fusion, alternation and multiculturalism. |
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assimilation |
involves the absorption into the dominant culture and abandonment of their traditional culture. |
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fusion |
combining two cultures to form a new culture |
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alternation |
bicultural acceptance |
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ethnicity |
people who share geographic, language, cultural and religious origins. |
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social identity |
perception we are apart of a larger social group and share with other group members salient attributes such as values, meanings and goals. |
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xenophobia |
fear or hatred of foreigners or anything unfamiliar |
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cultural stereotypes |
generalised views that we hold about particular groups of people - that members of a particular group share common traits or behaviours |
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ethnocentrism |
the tendency for a persons own culture to influence the way they view the rest of the world. |
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prejudice |
having an unreasonable and negative stereotype about members of another group of people. |
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racial prejudice |
people develop negative stereotypes about members of another racial group or cultural practice. |
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racism |
persuasive and systematic assumption of the inferiority of certain groups but also the different and unfair treatment of those groups on a basis of that assumed inferiority. |
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discrimination |
behavioural manifestation of prejudiced attitudes. |
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contact hypothesis |
the more contact there is between people from different groups, the more they will break down the barriers or prejudices. |
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indigenous people |
original inhabitants of a land/country. |
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communication and culture (non-verbal) |
1. Kinaesics - gestures/movements/facial feature 2. Oculesics - eye movement/contact 3. Haptics - touch to accompany communication 4. Proxemics - space between people 5. Chromemics - use of time 6. Vocalics - vocal cues, pitch/volume/tempo. |