Cs 3750 Exam 1

Description-similarity slips occur when a more recently done or more often completed activity is done instead of doing a desired activity.

The evolution of the simple wristwatch to the smartwatch is an example of the paradox of technology.

Bob doesn’t understand the underlying mechanics behind his refrigerator’s cooling system, therefore he can not create a useful conceptual model for it.

A system does not necessarily need a signifier to be used as intended.

Discoverability will always make a design less aesthetic.

Anna meets with her project partner for the first time. After they meet, she asks him for his phone number. As she inputs the number into her phone, she accidentally drops her phone and when she picks it up to finish, she realizes she has forgotten part of the number and asks him to repeat the last 4 digits. This is an example of a lapse in short­term memory.

According to Norman, it doesn’t matter where knowledge comes from. What matters is the quality of the end result.

A mechanic failing to complete troubleshooting because of distraction is an example or knowledge-based mistake.

Use of labels and instructions directly contradict good mapping techniques.

The backspace button on a text editor is an example of a sensibility check in designing for error.

An example of a natural sound is the sound of a bike chain against its gears.

In the idea generation or ideation stage of the Human-Centered Design process, it is dangerous to become fixated upon one or two ideas too early in the process.

Which Norman design concept is used to bridge both the Gulf of Execution and the Gulf of Evaluation?

One of the seven stages of action is the goal. The remaining six stages can be divided into two classifications. Name these two groups and briefly describe what occurs in these stages.

What is the difference between an affordance and a signifier?

Give an example and clearly differentiate affordances, signifiers and mapping.

Why should excessive feedback be avoided in product design?

Explain how a person can learn to use a backpack through at least 3 types of constraints.

Briefly explain why culture is relevant to technology.

Norman talked about 2 drivers of new products. Explain one.

If a sailor had a hard time getting on a boat because the last time his ship sunk what level of processing would best describe this situation and why?

Explain the difference between memory for arbitrary things and memory for meaningful things.

What is the difference between knowledge in the head and knowledge in the world?

Please answer in 1-2 sentences. What are some reasons why designers keep conventions in mind while designing a product?

What is the difference between a slip and a mistake in reference to the seven stages of action and why are they relevant to design?

Why are skilled people more likely to fall prey to action slips?

Please define the paradox of technology.

Describe the difference between the conceptual model and the system image.

Give an example of a signifier that might be “bad” for some users, but very helpful for others. In the explanation, mention at least two attributes of a good signifier that are met/not met for that particular user.

List four of the different multiple sensory modalities used to convey information in order to maximize the efficiency of short term memory.

Explain in your own words what the “cybermind” is.

Which group of people is most prone to mistakes?

What are the strengths and weaknesses of using recorded or simulated speech as sound feedback?

Describe the swiss cheese metaphor used in Reason’s Swiss Cheese Model of Accidents. What has to happen for an accident to occur?

Name and provide a short description of each of the 4 phases of the Human Centered Design process. Be sure to name the 4 phases in order in which they would typically occur.

Which of the following do designers use to bridge to Gulf of Execution? (Circle all that apply).SignifiersMappingFeedbackConceptual ModelConstraints

Which of the following scenarios does NOT correspond to any stages from the Seven Stages of Action?

What is an affordance?

Norman suggests that examples of poor indicators that result from reduction costs include:

Which of the following has the LEAST effective mapping?

Which of the following is NOT an example of culture affecting the design of a product found in Norman’s book?

What is Norman’s suggestion for how design teams should operate?

Which of the following does not drive a visceral response

Long term memory can be inaccurate because

Knowledge in the head

Choose the best answer. A convention is a _________ type of constraint, meaning that it provides the people within a community with a guideline of behavioral characteristics.

Due to a distraction a nurse forgets to record the temperature of a patient after taking the their temperature with a thermometer is an example of:

An experienced X-Ray Technician is putting in settings for a new patient, and accidentally sets the intensity to the more commonly used default intensity. How would you classify this?

An experienced X-Ray Technician is putting in settings for a new patient, and accidentally sets the intensity to the more commonly used default intensity. How would you classify this?

Norman often talks about the design of basic switches and controls. For example, he mentions that a popular model for a plane has identical-looking switches for landing gear and flaps right next to each other and they are often confused. The error in the design of these switches is one of ________ as it relates to discoverability.

Simplified models (conceptual models) are valuable as long as

Which of these is an affordance not a signifier?

______________ is a special learning technique used to remember large amounts of material, often after only a single exposure.

Which is not an example of Memory in Multiple Heads/Devices?

Knowledge based mistakes occur when ______ events occur.

Which of the following is NOT a way a designer can help minimize slips and mistakes.

Which of the following is an example of a poor use of sound as feedback?

Human-Centered Design (HCD) is visually depicted in DOET as a process which follows a perfectly circular path. The visual representation that more realistically depicts the trajectory of the HCD process is that of a __________:

The major design elements of ________ and a good ________ help bridge the gap of the Gulf of Evaluation

Users can gain insight into the designer’s conceptual model from the _____________.

____________ and the user’s conceptual model both compose how a user interacts with a product.

Cost reduction decisions can result in _________ like single indicator lights.

Jenny quickly learned how to change her computer screen output to her television because her HDMI chord only matched one spot on both the television and computer hardware due to the size and number of pins. Since only ONE input/output on either device offered enough pins, Jenny used a _____________ constraint that helped her find out where she should put the chord.

If people from different cultures were asked to draw time lines, some resulting time lines would have the most recent years on the right of their timeline, and other cultures would have time lines that resulted in the most recent year to be on the left. This distinction, which would indicate proper design for interaction, is known as choice of ___________.

Norman argues that adding features to match ___________________ is 1 of 2 possible drivers for new products

The Behavioral is a _______ based emotion

Artificially structuring seemingly random objects into a more memorable arrangements by using mnemonics is called ______.

Knowledge in the ________ takes time to acquire, usually through learning.

Fill in the blank. A cultural _________ bridges the gap between perceived affordance (ie: a doorknob’s graspability) and potential actions (opening a door).

______-errors can be both slips and mistakes.

Letting someone borrow your pen and then walking away without getting it back is an example of a _________ slip.

The best way to account for the paradox of technology as a designer is to have a __________ learning curve for users to get acclimated to the product design.

________________ checks can verify that the requested operation in a system is within reason.

In order for a signifier to be effective, it must be _____________, ________, and __________.

The ability to perceive possible actions and how they are performed, as well as the current state of the device, is called __________.

Shorter memory is also known as

Daniel Wegner, a Harvard professor of psychology, calls the process of multiple people recalling something that no single person could have recalled ____________________.

John lives in the country, and his normal commute is 30 miles. The drive usually takes him a half hour. John is visiting a friend in Midtown Atlanta who is 30 miles away. He says he should be there in a half hour. John arrives late. This is an example of a ______ based mistake.

After seeing an occurrence in the world, Joe starts to think about some possible actions. This action cycle would be classified as _______-driven behavior.

Sound created by a speaker is an example of _______ sound.

The shape of each of the two diamonds in the Double-Diamond model represent the __________ and ___________ of possibilities, first to determine the appropriate problem and then to determine the appropriate solution.

The Gulf of Execution is where the user tries to figure out what state it is in and whether their actions got them to their goal.

The Seven Stages of Action cycle always starts with a goal, then goes through the three stages of execution, and ends with three stages of evaluation.

An affordance is a signal that informs people of proper actions: what should be done, and where to do it.

In general actions should be confirmed and provide immediate feedback.

When getting into the driver’s seat of a car in the United Kingdom, Katie remembers to enter the right door instead of the left door, which she usually enters from in the United States. This is a cultural constraint.

As long as a product is useful, one should expect a new product that breaks convention to bring a period of confusion amongst its users.

The reflective stage is the only level that uses a person’s consciousness.

In practice, Human Centered Design is generally accepted as the default design approach

A major challenge with LTM is in organization.

A signifier is an example of knowledge in the world.

If someone were to redesign the keyboard and put the most common letters in easy-to-reach spots, the public would quickly adapt to this new design because it is more efficient.

Errors occurring after conscious, correct deliberations are slips.