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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gerardo Machado
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- gained presidency by election in 1925, used his powers to make himself unbeatable in the ballot box, used repressive measures, had a nationalist opposition that created a general strike that got him out of office.
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1933 Revolution
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- successful general strike by Cubans who helped prod the army toward undercutting the dictator who fled Havana.
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Revolt of the Sergeants
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- uprising led by Batista that overthrew the liberal government of President Machado, military takes power.
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Ramón Grau San Martín
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- new civilian leader, legit president of Cuba, first Cuban government without US support and got rid of the Platt Amerndment
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Sumner Wells
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- an American government official and a major foreign policy advisor to President D. Roosevelt
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Fulgencio Bastista
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- Cuban president, dictator, and military leader closely aligned with the US. Served as leader from 1933-1944 and 1952-1959 before being overthrown by the revolution.
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Carlos Prío
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- 1948 President of Cuba until he was overthrown by a military coup led by Batista on March 10, 1952, three months before elections were to be held
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Partido Ortodoxo
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- Middle Left, Eduardo Chibas was leader of this party and Fidel was a part of it.
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Eduardo “Eddie” Chibas
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- a Cuban populist and nationalist politician who used the radio to broadcast his political views to the public
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1952 Coup
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- Batista illegitimately took power with military and said that he would not follow Constitution, dissolved Congress
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Fidel Castro
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- primary leader of the Cuban revolution in 1959 and later established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba
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El Bogotazo
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- riot in Bogota, Columbia that turned city upside down for days and populace rose and took over city
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Attack on Moncada Army Barracks
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- Fidel led a band of 165 youths who stormed the barracks, half died, Fidel and his brother put in jail
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26th of July Movement
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- led by women compatriots, name of Castro’s group to lead revolution in Cuba based off the failed Moncado Barracks attack
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“History Will Absolve Me”
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- defense speech made at his trial where he said he was trying to overthrow an illegal government and because of this he would be appreciated and history would forgive him. Made him a national hero.
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Partido Autentico
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- nationalistic middle Right party, Batista was leader of this party
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Cuban Revolution
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- a political revolution that removed US supported Batista from power, revolution led by Fidel Castro who became new leader of Cuba as a communist dictator.
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Raul Castro
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- younger brother of Fidel Castro, who also took part in the Cuban Revolution, current president of Cuba
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Ernesto “Che” Guevara
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-Argentine revolutionary who believed in social change; aided Fidel Castro in overthrowing Bastista; revolution’s second-in-command; created an “idealistic” strategy for the economic development in Cuba; died while directing guerilla movement in Bolivia in 1967.
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El Granma
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- yatch that they leave out from Mexico to Cuba with Raul and “Che” and 82 men
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Herbert Matthews
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- reporter for the New York Times who went to Cuba and reported everything that was going on with Castro; his articles enhanced Castro’s credibility in the US and gave notice to the Cuban people that he was still alive
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1958 Pastoral Letter
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- Cuban bishops issued letter calling for a government of national unity
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3/1958 Arms Embargo
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- US suspended arms shipment to the Cuban government because they were using the weapons for domestic purposes
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Movimiento Estudantia
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l- student movement, which is caused by the desire for improved conditions for their future in society and desire for idealistic justice.
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Melba Hernandez
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- fearless lawyer who had defended Castro at trial and was part of the 26th of July Movement
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Association of United Cuban Women
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- anti-Batista group led by Gloria Cuadras
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Vilma Espin
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- Cuban chemical engineer and revolutionary who was married to Raul Castro
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Sierra Maestra
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- Cuba’s largest mountain range that has served as refuge to Cuban rebels, located in Santiago de Cuba
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Camilo Cienfuegos
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- key figure of the Cuban revolution who died mysteriously in 1959, among the 82 revolutionaries who were aboard the Granma in 1956
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Juan Almeida
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- Cuban politician and one of the original commanders of the Cuban Revolution, prominent figure of the Communist Party of Cuba
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Manuel Urrutia
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- President after the revolution and when the government became a triumvirate , resigned in July 1959.
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Jose Miro Cardena
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- prime minister after the revolution, resigned in February protesting his lack of real power
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1959 Visit by Castro to NYC
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- he projected image of nationalist reformer, strongly opposed to foreign intervention, not a communist and wanted radical reform, especially land reform
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National Institute of Agrarian Reform
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- created to implement measures of Reform Law, seen as the first step to communism.
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Pedro Diaz Lanz
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- commander of air force, resigned over alleged communist influence in military, flew to US and pushed story that Fidel was communist
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Agrarian Reform Law 5/1959
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- eliminated giant estates, expropriated farmlands over 1000 acres, gave compensation in Cuban bonds, no foreigners could own agricultural land.
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Nationalization Campaign of 1960
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- all major firms in Cuba were nationalized such as textiles, tobacco, cement, banks and department stores.
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Major Hubert Matos
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- one of Fidel’s oldest political allies and long-time revolutionary, chose to break from Fidelista line. Resigned from armed forces and issued a letter attacking the growth of communist influence.
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
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- unsucessful action by CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro, it was triumph for Fidel and marked watershed for US-Cuban relations
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Richard Bissell
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- CIA officer responsible of the exile invasion in Cuba
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Communist Party of Cuba
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- the governing political party in Cuba, the only political party to survive the revolution
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Literacy Crusade
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- year long crusade cut illiteracy rates in half has virtually disappeared since then
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Committee for the Defense of the Revolution
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- locally based citizens groups, primarily for civil defense, had task of monitoring the population for counterrevolutionary opinions or behavior.
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National Association of Small Farms
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- tried to coordinate the production of small farms with national goals, it also furnished credit, set up stores and organized various associations.
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“New Socialist Man”
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- Che Guevara’s idea that the new man should work for moral rewards and thus reflect a new higher level of political conciousness
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Fundamental Law of the Republic 2/1959
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- concentrated legislative power in the executive
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