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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phenotype: |
The way genes are expressed in an organism’s physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors |
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The way genes are expressed in an organism’s physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors |
Phenotype: |
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Race |
flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups |
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flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups |
Race |
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Racialization: |
To categorize, differentiate and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people |
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To categorize, differentiate and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people |
Racialization: |
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Eugenics |
A pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population’s genetic composition by favoring some races over others |
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A pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population’s genetic composition by favoring some races over others |
Eugenics |
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Racial Ideology |
set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational and normal |
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set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational and normal |
Racial Ideology |
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Ethnicity: |
A sense of historical, cultural, and sometime ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group |
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A sense of historical, cultural, and sometime ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group |
Ethnicity: |
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Nation-State: |
A political entity, located within a geographic territory with enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry and destiny as a people
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A political entity, located within a geographic territory with enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry and destiny as a people |
Nation-State: |
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Situational Negotiation of Identity: |
An individual’s self-identification with a particular group that can shift according to social location |
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An individual’s self-identification with a particular group that can shift according to social location |
Situational Negotiation of Identity: |
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Fag Discourse: |
A study conducted by C.J Pascoe; calling someone a fag to lessen the masculinity of a person |
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A study conducted by C.J Pascoe; calling someone a fag to lessen the masculinity of a person |
Fag Discourse: |
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Gender Ideals & Sports: |
A set of cultural ideas, usually stereotypical, about the essential character of different genders that functions to promote and justify gender stratification |
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A set of cultural ideas, usually stereotypical, about the essential character of different genders that functions to promote and justify gender stratification |
Gender Ideals & Sports: |
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Gender Performance: |
The way gender identity is expressed through action |
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The way gender identity is expressed through action |
Gender Performance: |
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Gender Stratification: |
An unequal distribution of power and access to a group’s resources, opportunities, rights and privileges based on gender |
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An unequal distribution of power and access to a group’s resources, opportunities, rights and privileges based on gender |
Gender Stratification: |
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“Gay Genes” |
A specific gene that would identify and determine the sexual orientation of a person; it has not yet been identified by geneticists |
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A specific gene that would identify and determine the sexual orientation of a person; it has not yet been identified by geneticists |
“Gay Genes” |
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Sexuality: |
The complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact and the cultural arena within which people debate about what kinds of physical desires and behaviors are right, appropriate and natural |
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The complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact and the cultural arena within which people debate about what kinds of physical desires and behaviors are right, appropriate and natural |
Sexuality: |
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Machismo |
A strong, sometimes exaggerated performance of masculinity; shapes relationships not only between men and women but also between men and other men |
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A strong, sometimes exaggerated performance of masculinity; shapes relationships not only between men and women but also between men and other men |
Machismo |
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Kinsey’s Study/Findings: |
* Kinsey and his collaborators suggested that human sexuality was much more diverse than was commonly assumed. Kinsey and later sexologists found that human sexuality does not fit into simplistic categories. Rather, it is marked by diversity, flexibility and fluidity. |
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Kinsey and his collaborators suggested that human sexuality was much more diverse than was commonly assumed. Kinsey and later sexologists found that human sexuality does not fit into simplistic categories. Rather, it is marked by diversity, flexibility and fluidity. |
Kinsey’s Study/Findings: |
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Wedding Industry: |
The vast network of commercial activities and social institutions that market 2.3 million weddings per year in the United States |
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The vast network of commercial activities and social institutions that market 2.3 million weddings per year in the United States |
Wedding Industry: |
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Sexual Violence: |
Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape |
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Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape |
Sexual Violence: |
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Kinship |
The system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights and responsibilities |
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The system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights and responsibilities |
Kinship |
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Descent: |
A kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguine (blood) relatives |
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A kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguine (blood) relatives |
Descent: |
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Serial Monogamy: |
Individuals who marry again; monogamous marriages follow one after the other |
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Individuals who marry again; monogamous marriages follow one after the other |
Serial Monogamy: |
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Class: |
A system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society’s resources |
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A system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society’s resources |
Class: |
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Racism: |
Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups |
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Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups |
Racism: |
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Multiculturalism: |
A pattern of ethnic relations in which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture and yet retain an ethnic culture |
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A pattern of ethnic relations in which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture and yet retain an ethnic culture |
Multiculturalism: |
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Assimilation: |
The process through which minorities accept the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups
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The process through which minorities accept the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups |
Assimilation: |
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Gender Studies: |
Research into the cultural construction of masculinity and femininity across cultures as flexible, complex, and historically and culturally constructed categories |
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Research into the cultural construction of masculinity and femininity across cultures as flexible, complex, and historically and culturally constructed categories |
Gender Studies: |
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Sexual Dimorphism: |
The phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species |
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The phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species |
Sexual Dimorphism: |
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Asexuality |
A lack of erotic attraction to others |
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A lack of erotic attraction to others |
Asexuality |
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Sex Tourism |
Travel, usually organized through the tourism sector, to facilitate commercial sexual relations between tourists and local residents |
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Travel, usually organized through the tourism sector, to facilitate commercial sexual relations between tourists and local residents |
Sex Tourism |
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Polyandry: |
Marriage between one woman and two or more men |
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Marriage between one woman and two or more men |
Polyandry: |
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Exogamy: |
Marriage to someone outside the kinship |
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Marriage to someone outside the kinship |
Exogamy: |
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Endogamy: |
Marriage to someone within the kinship group |
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Marriage to someone within the kinship group |
Endogamy: |
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Egalitarian Society: |
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A group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence
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A group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence
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Egalitarian Society: |
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Redistribution: |
A form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern |
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A form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern |
Redistribution: |
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Genotype: |
The inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism’s physical form
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The inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism’s physical form |
Genotype: |
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Colonialism: |
The practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor and markets in other countries or regions |
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The practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor and markets in other countries or regions |
Colonialism: |
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State: |
An autonomous regional structure of political, economic and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory |
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An autonomous regional structure of political, economic and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory |
State: |
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Ethnic Cleansing |
Efforts by representatives of one ethnic or religious group to remove or destroy another group in a particular geographic area
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Efforts by representatives of one ethnic or religious group to remove or destroy another group in a particular geographic area
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Ethnic Cleansing |
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Melting Pot: |
A metaphor used to describe the process of immigrant assimilation into US dominant culture |
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A metaphor used to describe the process of immigrant assimilation into US dominant culture |
Melting Pot: |
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Sex: |
The observable physical differences between male and females, especially biological expressions related to human reproduction |
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The observable physical differences between male and females, especially biological expressions related to human reproduction |
Sex: |
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Gender |
The expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different sexes
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The expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different sexes |
Gender |
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Sex Work: |
Labor through which one provides sexual services for money
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Labor through which one provides sexual services for money |
Sex Work: |
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Monogamy |
A relationship between only two partners
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A relationship between only two partners
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Monogamy |
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Incest Taboo: |
Cultural rules that forbid sexual relations with certain close relatives |
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Cultural rules that forbid sexual relations with certain close relatives |
Incest Taboo: |
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Reciprocity: |
The exchange of resources, goods and services among people of relatively equal status; meant to create and reinforce social ties |
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The exchange of resources, goods and services among people of relatively equal status; meant to create and reinforce social ties |
Reciprocity: |
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Ranked Society: |
A group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are |
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A group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are |
Ranked Society: |