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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Politics |
The distribution of power |
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Power |
The ability to influence people or cause them to do things they would not do otherwise |
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Authority |
The exercise of legitimate power; the right to rule invested by members of the community in its leaders |
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Power allows... |
the ability to control resources in one's own interest |
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Wealth |
The accumulation of material resources or access to the means of producing these resources. |
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Prestige |
Social honor or respect |
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Political organization referes to... |
the ways in which power is used in all societies so they can maintain themselves collectively over time. |
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Social Control |
A process involving a structure and mechanisms to ensure that people do not vioate the society's accepted forms of behavior |
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Informal means of Social Control include... |
Social pressures (ridicule, gossip, ostracism) |
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Formal means of Social Control include... |
Laws; Consistent system of sanctions |
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Political ideology |
Shared values and beliefs that legitimate power and authority in a particular society. |
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Rebellion |
The attempt of one group to reallocate power and resources within an existing political structure |
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Revolution |
The attempt to overthrow the existing political structure and put another type of political structure in its place |
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Negotiation |
The parties of the dispute reach an agreement with or without the help of a third party |
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Adjudication |
An authorized third party issues a binding decision |
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Class |
A category of persons with about the same opportunity to obtain economic resources, power, and prestige and who are ranked high and low in relation to each other |
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Social mobility |
Movement from one social class to another |
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Closed system |
A system of stratification based primarily on ascription |
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Open system |
A system of stratification based on achievement |
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Caste system |
A system of stratification based on birth; Social mobility is not possible |
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Band Societies |
-Egalitarian Social Structure - Informal leaders (Persuasive power, but no authority) -Leadership based on Individual skills and earned respect |
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Tribal Societies |
-Egalitarian Social Structure -Informal leaders -Various types of Kinship Organization and Sodalities |
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Sodality |
A group that crosscuts a society and whose membership is based on common interest rather than kinship or residence |
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Chiefdom Societies |
- Non-egalitarian; Social ranking is present -Formal leaders (Hereditary chief with authority |
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State Societies |
- Non-egalitarian - Political structure with authority that is legally constituted -Formal leaders -Central government with monopoly over the use of force |
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Stratified Societies |
A society with enqual access to resources within the same gender and status group |
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Stratified State Societies |
A society in which institutions are based on coercive power and authority |
