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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe 3 ways culture and personality intersect? |
- individuals may differ from each other to same extent because they belong to different cultures - members of groups may differ from each other in distinctive ways - differences that are important may vary across cultures |
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ENCULTURATION |
- process to socialization through which an individual acquires his culture early in life - first and immersion in a particular culture |
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Acculturation |
- the process of partially or fully acquiring a new cultural outlook - second and subsequent exposure to a culture |
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What does etics and ethics mean |
Etics: universal component of an idea Ethics: the particular aspects of an idea |
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Collectivism |
- a sense of self as connected to groups and interdependent with priority given to group goals |
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Individualism |
- a sense of self as autonomous and independent with priority given to personal goals |
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What are vertical cultures |
- vertical individualism: assess the extent to which individuals strive to be distinct and desire special status - vertical collectivism: assess the extent to which individuals emphasize interdependence and competition with out groups |
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Horizontal cultures |
- horizontal individualism: assess the extent to which individuals strive to be distinct without desiring special status - horizontal collectivism: assess the extent to which individuals emphasize interdependence but do not submit easily to authority |
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What 3 concepts used to assess cultural differences are also used to assess differences in individuals |
- cultural complexity: cognitive complexity - cultural tightness: concentiousness andbintolerance for ambiguity - collectivist versus individualist: allocentricm vs ideocentricsm |
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Ethnocentrism |
- observations of other cultures will be influenced by the observer's own cultural background |
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Difference between sex and gender |
Sex - biological category of male or female - distinguished by genes, chromosomes Gender - social category of male or female - distinguished by a set of psychological features and roles assigned |
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Define masculinity, feminity, androgyny |
Masculinity - traits, behaviours, interests society has assigned to the male gender role - eg: western culture: independence, aggression, watching sports Androgyny - rejected the notion that masculinity/ feminity were opposite ends of one continum Androgyny- rejected the notion that masculinity/ feminity were opposite ends of one continum - seen as independent traits Androgyny- rejected the notion that masculinity/ feminity were opposite ends of one continum - seen as independent traits - seen as independent traits |
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How are unmitigated agency and unmitigated communion different to agency and communion |
Unmitigated agency - focus on the self to the exclusion of others Unmitigated communion - sacrifice own needs for the wellbeing of others - associated with low masculinity - can be vulnerable to exploitation Agency - demonstration of independence, assertiveness and control (positive) Communion - interacting with others in a positive and caring manner (postive) |
