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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organisms that obtain their energy from
light can be termed A. autotrophic. B. holotrophic. C. chemotrophic. D. heterotrophic. E. heliotrophic. |
A. autotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by utilizing outside sources. An autotroph that uses the sun for energy is phototrophic, which was not listed.
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Fermentation
A. produces pyruvic acid as an end product. B. yields less energy per mole of glucose than aerobic respiration. C. occurs only in the presence of oxygen. D. prevents glycolysis from occurring. E. converts ethanol to glucose. |
B is the only correct one.
A- incorrect: pyruvate is the starting material, not the product. C- incorrect: fermentation can occur in the absence of oxygen D-incorrect: glycolysis provides the pyruvate, why would it prevent this from happening? E- incorrect: ethanol is a possible product, if the fermenter is yeast |
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In respiration, oxygen
A. combines with lactic acid to form pyruvic acid. B. acts as a cofactor for glycolytic enzymes. C. yields energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain. D. acts as an acceptor for electrons (and protons), forming water. E. combines directly with carbon, forming CO2 |
D- correct: oxygen is the terminal electron in the ETC
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An enzyme is added to an aqueous
solution of ATP, DNA, albumen, fat and glycogen; the reaction mixture is incubated for 10 minutes. If an analysis of the mixture reveals the presence of all of the above compounds plus glucose, it can be concluded that the enzyme hydrolyzed some of the A. albumen. B. fat. C. glycogen. D. ATP. E. DNA. |
C: Glycogen is made up of glucose
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What cellular organelles would you
expect to be absent from fungi? A. Mitochondria B. Lysosomes C. Ribosomes D. Golgi bodies E. Chloroplasts |
E: Chloroplasts are only found in photosynthetic organisms. Fungi are not photosynthetic.
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Intracellular organelles that participate in
metabolic oxidations involving H2O2 are called A. centrioles. B. endoplasmic granules. C. peroxisomes. D. lysosomes. E. macrobodies |
C. The answer is in the question. H2O2 is peroxide, so it is found in peroxisomes.
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The two daughter cells formed by mitosis
and cytokinesis have A. half the number of chromosomes present in the parent cell. B. half the number of the chromosomes present in the parent cell if this parent cell is found in the testicular or ovarian tissue. C. the same number of chromosomes present in the parent cell. D. twice the number of chromosomes present in the parent cell. E. a variable number of chromosomes so that an exact prediction cannot be made. |
C. Mitosis makes clones of the parent cell.
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Starch, cellulose and glycogen are all
A. proteins. B. linked internally by hydrogen bonds. C. water soluble. D. polymers of glucose. E. nucleic acids. |
D
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Each of the following cell organelles have
a membranous structure EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Golgi complex B. Centrioles C. Mitochondria D. Lysosomes E. Endoplasmic reticulum |
B. Centrioles are composed of microtubules.
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In anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells,
one mole of glucose is oxidized to A. six moles of carbon dioxide. B. two moles of acetic aid. C. two moles of lactic acid. D. two moles of acetyl CoA. E. two moles of carbon dioxide and six moles of water. |
C. During strenuous exercise, the concentration of oxygen in the muscles decreases, so normal respiration can't happen. In these cases, the muscle cells use a form of fermentation to break down the pyruvate from glycolysis into lactic acid.
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The movement of water soluble
molecules through cell membranes, from higher to lower concentrations, by attachment to a carrier protein, describes A. diffusions. B. osmosis. C. pinocytosis. D. active transport. E. facilitated diffusion. |
E. High-low movement=diffusion, carrier protein=facilitated
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As far as their products are concerned,
all biosynthetic reactions in living cells result in A. a more ordered state, therefore a decrease in entropy. B. a more ordered state, therefore an increase in entropy. C. energy released in the form of ATP. D. energy made available for motion. E. a more ordered state with no entropy change. |
A. entropy is disorder, so more ordered = less entropy
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Which is the smallest organelle in the
cell? A. Golgi body B. Nucleus C. Mitochondrion D. Ribosome E. Chloroplast |
A
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For a given diameter of an axon, one
factor which increases the velocity of a nerve impulse is A. the length of the axon. B. the ploidy of the nucleus. C. the density of mitochondria along the axon. D. maximal stimulation of the neuron. E. the presence of a myelin sheath. |
E. Two things increase velocity: more myelin and a large diameter
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Which chiefly stimulates action of the
respiratory center? A. Carbon dioxide in the blood B. Relaxin C. Lack of oxygen in the blood D. Inflation of the alveolus E. Vagus nerve |
A. Need to get rid of the waste!
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The term motor unit refers to
A. an entire muscle. B. a single muscle fiber. C. all the muscle fibers innervated by one nerve fiber. D. all the motor nerves in one muscle. E. all the sliding filaments of actin and myosin in one muscle fiber. |
C
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The human heart beat is initiated within
the A. sinus venosus. B. Hensen’s node. C. conus arteriosus. D. artio-ventricular node. E. sino-atrial node. |
E
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In the nephron of the kidney, filtration
occurs between A. Bowman’s capsule and Henle’s loop. B. the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule. C. the proximal tubule and Henle’s loop. D. Henle’s loop and the vasa recta. E. the peritubular network and the convoluted tubules. |
B
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The addition of potassium iodide as a
nutritional supplement to common table salt would most directly affect the function of which of these glands? A. Thyroid B. Sweat glands C. Adrenal cortex D. Kidneys E. Parathyroid |
A
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Each of the following is synthesized by
the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of vertebrates EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Thyrotropic hormone B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Follicle-stimulating hormone D. Growth hormone E. Oxytocin |
E. oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
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Clotting of human blood
A. requires that hemoglobin be present. B. results from fibrin joining globulin. C. is a result of platelets releasing fibrinogen. D. depends on the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen. E. is accelerated when Ca 2+ is removed. |
D
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At some stage of development, all
chordates have A. a pharynx, a vertebral column, and a notochord. B. pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and a dorsal tubular nerve cord. C. pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and a ventral nerve cord. D. pharyngeal pouches, vertebral column, and a dorsal tubular nerve cord. E. a pharynx and an ectodermally derived, solid nerve cord. |
B
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Organisms that have the characteristics
of radial symmetry, water vascular system, a spiny skin, and are found exclusively in a marine habitat would be in which phylum? A. Annelida B. Chordata C. Cnidaria D. Porifera E. Echinodermata |
E
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Of the following, which group of
invertebrates is apparently most closely related to primitive vertebrates? A. Annelida B. Mollusca C. Cnidaria D. Arthropoda E. Echinodermata |
E
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Under the five-kingdom classification,
members of the kingdom Monera are generally separated from the members of all the other kingdoms by having A. heterotrophic nutrition versus autotrophic nutrition. B. unicellular organization versus multicellular organization. C. microscopic size versus macroscopic size. D. prokaryotic cells versus eukaryotic cells. E. parasite-host relationship versus predator-prey relationship. |
D. Monera contains the bacteria.
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A segment of DNA with the sequence
GGCATTAGG would be transcribed into a messenger RNA segment with the sequence A. CCGUAAUCC. B. AATGCCGTT. C. CCGTAATCC. D. AAUGCCGUU. E. CCGTUUTGG. |
A. RNA A-U and C-G
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Assuming no linkage, how many different
kinds of gametes can be produced by an organism with the genotype AaBbcc? A. 32 B. 16 C. 8 D. 6 E. 4 |
E
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Which statement concerning alleles is
true for diploid organisms? 1. At most only two alleles occur at a given locus in an organisms genome. 2. Alleles occupy an identical locus in homologous chromosomes. 3. Alleles of a given gene usually occur on non-homologous chromosomes. 4. A single chromosome usually carries two alleles of each gene. A. 4 B. 1 and 2 C. 3 D. 1, 2 and 4 E. 3 and 4 |
D
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In watermelons, the unlinked genes for
green color (G) and for short length (S) are dominant over alleles for striped color (g) and long length (s). Predict the phenotypes and their ratios for the cross Ggss x ggSs. A. All green short B. 1:2:1 green short: striped long: striped short C. All striped long D. 1:1:1:1 green short: striped short: green long: striped long E. 1:1 green short: striped long |
D
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Sexual and asexual reproduction usually
differ in A. the ability of the new offspring to reproduce. B. the rate at which mutations occur. C. the amount of genotypic variation between parent and offspring. D. the viability of offspring. E. whether or not natural selection can occur. |
C
sexual produces genetically different offspring. asexual produces clones, more or less. |
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In human beings, color blindness is
controlled by an X-linked recessive allele. In a cross involving this X-linked trait, the male parent has normal color vision, but the female parent is a carrier. What are the chances (in %) that a male offspring will inherit color blindness? A. 10 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75 E. 100 |
C.
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Consider a pair of homologous human
chromosomes. In this pair one would expect A. them to be genetically identical. B. one chromosome to carry dominant alleles and the other recessive alleles. C. one chromosome to have been inherited from the mother and the other from the father. D. the two chromosomes to synapse during mitotic prophase. E. them to have different shapes. |
C
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Embryonic induction is a process in
which A. embryonic tissues influence adjacent tissues to differentiate. B. an unfertilized egg is induced to develop. C. genes are transferred from one developing tissue to another. D. resting potentials are induced in neurons of embryos. E. the maternal parent induces expression of recessive genes in embryos. |
A
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Which statement is true of the
archenteron? A. The cavity of the archenteron is called the blastocoele. B. The cavity of the archenteron represents the beginning of the primitive gut. C. The archenteron is formed during blastula formation. D. The cavity of the archenteron represents the first cavity of the developing heart. E. The archenteron is formed by a closing of the neural tube. |
B
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Of the germ layers comprising the early
human embryo, which one forms most of the central nervous system? A. Ectoderm B. Mesoderm C. Endoderm D. Notochord E. Dermis |
A
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Of the following, the rate and type of
cleavage occurring after fertilization would be most affected by the A. amount and distribution of yolk. B. number of chromosomes. C. thickness of the cell membrane. D. temperature. E. thickness of the zona pellucida. |
A
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The long-term natural process by which a
pond eventually becomes a terrestrial community is referred to as A. environmental disruption. B. habitat development. C. organic evolution. D. ecological succession. E. desertification. |
D
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The initial step in the speciation process
often involves A. inbreeding within the species. B. geographical separation of populations. C. intraspecific-random mating. D. the inheritance of acquired characteristics. E. a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. |
B
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A complex behavioral response to a
specific cue or releaser, which is exhibited by all members of the species as a stereotyped response to the same stimulus, is known as a A. conditioned response. B. fixed-action pattern. C. reflex. D. kinesis. E. taxis. |
B
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Each of the following changes the
frequency of alleles in a population EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Mutation B. Natural selection C. Immigration D. Random interbreeding E. Genetic drift |
D
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