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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dental materials |
materials used in the treatment of dental disease |
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preventive dental materials |
prevents progression of tooth decay/periodontal disease |
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restorative materials |
Repairs or replaces tooth structure |
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temporary restorative materials |
short term/ matter of months |
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interim restorative materials |
used for a moderate time; 1-4 years |
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permanent restorative materials |
used for 5 years or more |
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Auxiliary dental materials |
used in the fabrication of prosthetics |
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National Bureau of Standards (NBS) |
*Program that held FIRST controlled study of dental materials
*Evolved in need during WWI *Made specifications for wrought and casting golds *This program's Dental Research Fellowship was assumed by the ADA in 1928 |
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American Dental Association (ADA) |
*1928- this program assumed the Dental Research Fellowship at NBS *Programs developed by this program are used by FDA as part of regulatory process for medical devices and products in the U.S. |
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Council on Dental Materials, Instruments and Equipment (CDMIE) |
*1966- this program was created through cooperation between ADA and NBS *1994- combined with Council on Dental Therapeutics and the Council on Dental Research to form the Council on Scientific Affairs (CSA) |
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Council on Scientific Affairs |
*1994- this program was formed by combination of CDMIE, Council on Dental Therapeutics, and the Council on Dental Research *A program in the ADA *evaluates all dental drugs, materials, instruments and equipment *only program authorized to grant the ADA seal *Administrative sponsor of 2 standards committees |
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ADA Standards Committee for Dental Products |
*Decides what tests are necessary for a material to meet the requirements of a specification |
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American National Standards Institute (ANSI) |
*Directs two standards committees for the ADA's CSA |
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Acceptance Program |
*Program of the ADA *Voluntary program to which companies choose to submit their products (product samples, lab test results, clinical studies) *Reviewed by CSA |
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Process for a product to be evaluated for acceptance in ADA's acceptance program |
1.) CSA staff conduct preliminary data analysis 2.) Submission sent to outside consultants 3.) Submission forwarded to CSA for decision of ADA's Seal of Acceptance |
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FDA |
*1976- given authority to help ADA control safety and efficacy for dental materials |
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Classes of Efficacy Standards of the FDA |
Class I- general controls (manufacturing, labeling) Class II- meets ADA, FDA, ISO standards Class III- for untested products (requires biological tests and two independent clinical studies) |
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International Standards Organization |
*international body dedicated to developing international standards *includes ANSI as the U.S. member |
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TC106- Dentistry |
*an international technical committee in the ISO responsible for standardizing terminology and test methods *develops standards for dental materials, instruments, and equipment |
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Physical considerations in oral environment |
1.) Biting forces
2.) Temperature changes 3.) Acidity |
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Biological considerations in oral environment |
1.) Sensitivity (to micro leakage from imperfectly sealed margins) 2.) Galvanic Shock (gold crown touching new amalgam) 3.) Allergenicity/toxicity of materials |
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Gas |
State of matter with free movement of molecules, low molecular attraction, and rapid diffusion |
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Liquid |
State of matter in which attraction exists between molecules, but not enough to make molecules fixed; results in more internal friction and therefore slower diffusion rates |
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solid |
State of matter in which molecules are relatively fixed and movement occurs as vibrations around fixed centers of location Diffusion rates are slow |
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Primary bonds |
Bonds in which the outer shell of electrons is stable |
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Ionic bonds |
Electrostatic attraction of positive and negative charges, like in NaCl Lower electrical and thermal activity seen in materials with these bonds than with metallic bonds Brittle |
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Covalent bonds |
Bonds that are strongly directional and have immovable bond angles; typical in organic compounds Low electrical and thermal conductivity valence electrons are shared equally between atoms |
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Metallic bonds |
Formed by atoms possessing 1, 2, or 3 electrons in outer shells Regular packing of atoms occurs, resulting in long range ordering atoms are able to slide over one another |
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Fluctuating dipoles |
A type of secondary bond with temporary partial charges which change; very weak |
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Permanent dipoles |
Type of secondary bond in which partial charges arise from differences in electronegativity (like C-Cl bond) molecular sliding is permitted; important in polymers |
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Hydrogen bonds |
Strongest secondary bond Permanent dipole |