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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the stored energy on an exposed film called |
Silver Halide Crystals |
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The processed film was underdeveloped, what would cause this |
Not enough developing time Developer temperature too low Depleted developer solution Contaminated developer solution |
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Film was exposed to light when the door was opened, this would cause the film to be |
Black |
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In the film processing step the rinsing step is necessary because |
Rinsing removes the developer from the film & stops the development process |
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The film emulsion is hardened during what process |
Fixation |
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The processed film has a straight white border on one side |
Developer Solution Too Low |
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The processed film is dark because of overdevelopment what would cause this |
Too much developing time Developer temperature to high Concentrated developer |
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The processed film has a straight black border on one side |
Fixer solution too low |
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The optimal temperature for developer solution is |
68 Degrees |
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What are the film processing steps in order |
Development Rinsing Fixing Washing Drying |
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The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the ________ tones, wheres the Elon in the developer brings out the ________ tones on a dental radiograph |
Black Gray |
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The safe light must be placed a minimum of what distance from the film and the word area |
4 Feet |
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Unopened boxes of x-ray film should not be stored in the darkroom because |
Chemical fumes from processing solutions may for the film |
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The thermometer for manual processing should be placed in the |
Developer Solution |
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at 68F what is the optimal development time for manual film processing |
6 Minutes |
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Why is a replenisher added to the processing solution |
Compensate for the loss of solution strength Ensure uniform results between solution changes Compensate for the loss of volume of solution Compensate for oxidation |
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What can be used to clean the processing tank |
Commercial Tank Cleaner Hydrochloric Acid and Water Solution |
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A breakdown of chemicals in the processing solution that results from exposure to air |
Oxidation |
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The superconcentrated solution is added to the processing solution to compensate for the effects of oxidation |
Replenisher |
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Converts the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver and generates the black areas on the radiograph |
Developing Solution |
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Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals and created white areas on the radiograph |
Fixer Solution |
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What chemicals are used in the Developing Agent |
Hydroquinone Elon |
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What chemicals are used in the Preservative |
Sodium Sulfite |
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What chemicals are used in the Accelerator |
Sodium Carbonate |
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What chemicals are used in the Restrainer |
Potassium Bromide |
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What chemicals are used in the Fixing Agent |
Ammonium Thiosulfate Sodium Thiosulfate |
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What chemicals are used in the Hardening Agent |
Potassium Alum |
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What chemicals are used in the Acidifier |
Acetic Acid Sulfuric Acid |
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What is the role of the water bath/washing in processing |
Wash the film after fixation to remove all excess chemicals from the emulsion |
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Whats the appearance of the processing error for fogged film |
Gray |
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Whats the appearance of the processing error for overdeveloped film |
Dark |
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Whats the appearance of the processing error for underdeveloped film |
Light |
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Whats the appearance of the processing error for light leak |
Black |
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Whats the appearance of the processing error for developer cutoff |
Straight White Border |
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Whats the appearance of the processing error for fixer cutoff |
Straight Black Border |
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Underdeveloped Film |
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Overdeveloped Film |
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Reticulation of Emulsion |
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Fixer Spots |
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Developer Cutoff |
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Fixer Cutoff |
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Overlapped Film |
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Air Bubbles |
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Black Fingerprint |
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Static Electricity |
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White Light |
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Fogged Film |
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Fingernail Artifact |
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Scratches |
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What would cause film to be underdeveloped |
Inadequate development time Developer solution too cool Inaccurate timer or thermometer Depleted or contaminated solution |
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What would cause film to be overdeveloped |
Excessive developing time Developer solution too hot Inaccurate timer or thermometer Concentrated solution |
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What would cause reticulation of emulsion |
Sudden temperature change between developer and water bath |
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What would cause developer spots |
Developer comes in contact with film before processing |
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What would cause fixer spots |
Fixer comes in contact with film before processing |
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What would cause yellow brown stains |
Exhausted developer or fixer Insufficient fixation time or rinsing |
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What would cause developer cutoff |
Low level of developer |
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What would cause fixer cutoff |
Low level of fixer |
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What would cause overlapped films |
Two films contacting each other during processing |
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What would cause air bubbles |
Air trapped on the film surface after being placed in processing solution |
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What would cause static electricity |
Film packet is opened quickly |
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What would cause fogged film |
Improper safelighting Light leaks Outdated films Improper film storage Contaminated solutions Developer too hot
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