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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
process whereby 2 sex cells (gametes) fuse
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fertilization
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4 major events of fertilization:
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1) contact & recognition 2) prevention of polyspermy 3) genetic information of the gametes fuses 4) development starts
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enzyme production is a function of the _____ _________
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golgi apparatus
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4 features of sperm formation:
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1) cytoplasm is "jettisoned" 2) mitochondria collect around the base of the flagellum 3) microtubules form the axoneme 4) acrosome derives from golgi apparatus
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sperm _________ is highly conserved among organisms
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structure
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Axoneme structure contains _ _______ & _ central _______ microtubules
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9 doublet, 2, singlet
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______ contains ATPases for energy
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Dynein
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a genetic syndrome lack of dynein on all ciliated and flagellated cells
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Kartagener triad
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Individuals affected with Kartagener triad are susceptible to bronchial infections due to their ________ ___________ _____.
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immotile respiratory cilia
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Males affected with Kartagener triad are sterile because their ________ ______.
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immotile sperms
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_________ ________ forms a fibrous mat around the Sea Urchin egg, contains eight glycoproteins, and mediates the sperm-egg recognition
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Vitelline envelope
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small projections that may help sperm entry into the Sea Urchin egg
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Microvilli
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homologous to the sperm acrosome in Sea Urchin egg (i.e. derived from golgi apparatus)
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Cortical granule
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external glocoprotein meshwork of Sea Urchin egg, involving attracting or activating sperm
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Jelly layer
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the thick extracellular matrix in the Hamster egg
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Zone pellucida
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layer of ovarian follicular cells in Hamster egg
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Cumulus
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innermost layer of cumulus cells in Hamster egg
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Corona radiata
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Cytoplasmic contents of the egg (5)
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1) proteins 2) ribosomes & tRNA 3) messenger RNA 4) morphogenetic factors 5) protective chemicals
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5 steps of recognition of egg and sperm:
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1) the chemoattraction of the sperm to the egg by soluble molecules secreted by the egg 2) the exocytosis of the acrosomal vesibles to release its enzymes 3) the binding of the sperm to the extracellular envelope (vitelline layer or zona pellucida of the egg 4) the passing of the sperm through the xtra cellular envelope 5) fusion of egg and sperm cell membranes
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Acrosomal reaction of the Sea Urchin
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external
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Acrosomal reaction in the Mouse
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internal (after binding to zona pellucida)
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chemotactic protein in Arbacia punctulata (Sea Urchin) that serves as an attractant to sperm.
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Resact a 14-amino acid peptide
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Species-specific regonition is mediated through ______ in sea urchins
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bindin
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An __ ___ ____________ (___) from the mouse zone pellucida binds the acrosomes of the mouse sperms and initiates the acrosomal reaction after sperm have bound to it.
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83 kDa glycoprotein, ZP3
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Steps of the ZP3 acrosomal rxn in mammals (5):
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1) binding of sperm to ZP3 2) [Ca] increase in sperm 3) exocytosis of acrosome 4) inner acrosome bind to ZP2 5) egg cortical granules release their enzymes and one protein that alters the ZP2 which inhibits the other sperm/ZP2 binding
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