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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Target HTN and Cholesterol goal for DM patients
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HTN: 130/80 mmHg
Cholesterol: LDL < 100 mg/dl HDL > 45 mg.dl (men), > 55 mg/dl (women) |
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When NPH and Regular are mixed together, how long is it potent for?
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21 days
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What are some factors that can influence BG Control?
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Diet
Exercise Stress PK: Factors that can affect renal elimination Gastroparesis Hormonal changes: pregnancy |
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Novolog is
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Aspart
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Humalog is
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Lispro
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Drugs that decrease BG levels are
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Alcohol
Insulin Sulfonylureas Biguanides Salicylates Anabolic Steroids |
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Common side effects of Sulfonylureas
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SIADH
Headache Confusion/Dizziness SJS/ Photosensitivity Weight Gain Hypoglycemia |
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Which Sulfonylurea has the disulfiram rxn? (Give brand and generic)
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Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
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Which sulfonylurea needs to be taken on an empty stomach? (Give brand and generic)
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Glipizide (Glucotrol)
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Glimiperide
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Amaryl
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MOA of Sulfonylureas
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Sulfonylureas increase endogenous insulin secretion
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Tolbutamide
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Orinase
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Chlorpropramide
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Diabinese
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Acetohexamide
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Dymelor
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Tolazimide
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Tolinase
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Max daily dose of Metformin
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2500 mg
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Side Effects of Biguanides
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GI upset (diarrhea)
Lactic Acidosis |
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Advantages of Metformin vs. other antidiabetic medications
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Does not cause weight gain
Helps improve lipids Does not cause hypoglycemia |
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MOA of Biguanides
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1) inhibits glucose secretion from the liver
2) Helps with the peripheral muscle uptake of glucose |
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Common side effects of Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
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GI flatulence
Bloating Abdominal bleeding |
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MOA of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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It helps block the enzymes that digest starch in the small intestines
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What is the Samogyi Phenomenon?
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Caused by having too much insulin in the blood during the night. This can happen to people who take long-acting insulins and it can also happen if you didn't eat a snack before bed. The blood sugar drops while you are sleeping and your body releases hormones to counteract the drop. Resulting in higher AM values
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What is the Damn Phenomenon?
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The dawn phenomenon happens because during the night, hormones are released that trigger the liver to put out glucose. If there is not enough insulin in the body to counteract this, then blood glucose levels rise during the night, resulting in a high reading in the morning.
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What drugs are under the class of TZDs?
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Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosigltazone (Avandia) |
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What are the class side effects of TZDs?
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Edema, wt. gain, and increases in LDL and LFTs.
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What are the class side effects of Meglitinides?
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Hypoglycemia (do not take it meal is skipped)
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MOA of Meglitinides
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Help inhibit secretion of insulin from the beta cells.
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MOA of TZDs?
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Helps with hepatic glucose production as well as decreases insulin resistance at the muscles
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