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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
alimentary tract |
A muscular tube lined internally by an epithelium
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functions of alimentary tract |
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oral cavity |
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transport passages of alimentary tract |
Pharynx Oesophagus Anal canal
Some mucous glands – lubrication |
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digestive tract |
Stomach Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) Large intestine (caecum, appendix, colon, rectum)
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4 layers of alimentary canal |
-epithelium -lamina propria -muscularis mucoase
-longitudinal and circular muscle
-epithelium -connective tissue |
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Mucosa |
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submucosa |
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Muscularis externa
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serosa/adventitia |
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increasing surface area improves.... |
efficiency of absorption (plica circulares) |
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oesophagus |
~25cm long, leads through diaphragm to stomach Mucosa Muscularis externa Adventitia
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stomach |
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gastric mucosa (stomach) |
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gastric glands (stomach) |
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gastric gland cells (stomach) |
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subdivisions of small intestine |
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small intestine- mucosa |
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small intestine-submucosa |
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small intestine |
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large intestine- 3 main sections |
Three main sections: Anal Canal: -epithelium changes from columnar to stratified squamous
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large intestine- mucosa |
-Surface relatively smooth – no plicae or villi -Crypts of Lieberkühn – present and longer than S.I. -Columnar epithelium
Muscularis Externa -difference to small intestine -longitudinal layers form 3 flattened strands (taenia coli) Serosa -forms small pouches pilled with adipose along the large intestine |
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accessory glands of digestive system |
Salivary glands -secretes lubricating fluid +enzymes that break down carbs
Liver bile- lipid digestion. bile=steroid acid from cholic acid/cholesterol act as surfactant emulsifying fats in food.
Gall bladder -stores and concentrates bile
Pancreas -exocrine cells= fluids and enzymes -endo cells- hormones |
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dietary fluid input |
2000mL |
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Alimentary tract secretions |
-saliva= 1500 ml -gastric secretions=1500 ml -liver (bile)- 1000 ml -pancreas (pan juices)- 1000 ml -Intestinal secretions- 2000 ml -Colon mucus secretions 200ml |
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water reabsorption |
-small intestine 7800ml -colon- 1250ml |
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salivary glands |
Saliva is a mixed secretion, derived from numerous large and small salivary glands
Small salivary glands
Large Salivary Glands
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glands located close to oral cavity secrete________ |
mucous secreting |
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glands distant to cavity secrete_______ |
serous |
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sublingual salivary gland are mainly what type of gland |
mucous acini |
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submandibular gland secrete___________ |
both serous and mucous acini |
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parotid gland |
almost exclusively serous acini |
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serous secretions consist mainly of |
enzymes like alpha-amylase |
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mucous secretions secrete |
mucins- heavily glycosylated protein -involved in lubrication |
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The liver |
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Liver vasculature
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liver lobule |
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liver zones |
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hepatc bile production |
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bile secretion |
- Terminal bile ducts (lined by cuboidal epithelium) - Intrahepatic bile ducts (columnar) - Coalesce into left and right hepatic ducts (columnar) - Unite to form common hepatic duct (columnar) - Cystic duct (to/from gallbladder) & bile duct (to duodenum)
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Gall bladder |
Mucos - Columnar epithelium, microvilli (resorption of water from bile)a - No mucus-producing cells - No muscularis mucosae
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Cholecystokinin (CCK )
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The pancreas
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Exocrine functions pancreas |
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Endocrine functions
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