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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In what unit is the energy value of food measured? |
kilocalories |
|
kcal |
kilocalories |
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What are the nutrient categories? |
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water |
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major nutrients |
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins |
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minor nutrients |
vitamins, minerals |
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Dietary sources for carbohydrates |
milk sugar (lactose), glycogen in meats, grains, legumes, root vegetables |
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Dietary sources for lipids |
triglycerides, meat, dairy foods, coconut, nuts, vegetable oils, egg yolk, milk products |
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Dietary sources for proteins |
eggs, milk, fish, legumes, cereals |
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Dietary sources for vitamins |
broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts |
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Dietary sources for minerals |
vegetables, legumes, milk, some meats |
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Dietary sources for water |
water, chia seeds, celery, cucumber |
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metabolism |
broad term referring to all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life |
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Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are usually broken down to make _____. |
ATP |
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What happens (metabolically) when there are high levels of glucose in the blood? |
hyperglycemia |
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What is the major breakdown product of carbohydrate digestion? |
glucose |
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hyperglycemia |
some of the excess is stored in body cells as glycogen |
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What happens metabolically when blood glucose levels are too low? |
hypoglycemia |
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hypoglycemia |
when blood sugar levels are too low and the liver breaks down stored glycogen and releases glucose to the blood for cellular use |
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What are fats used for in our bodies? |
liver cells use some fats to make ATP for their own use |
|
ketosis |
when large amounts of fats (instead of sugars) are used for energy, the blood becomes very acidic |
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How are proteins used by the body? |
carefully conserved by body cells |
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What is the breakdown product of protein digestion? |
amino acids |
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essential amino acids |
eight amino acids that our body cannot make ex: tryptohan, methionine, valine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine |
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What amino acids are used to make ATP, what is the byproduct that the liver turns into urea for excretion? |
ammonia |
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important liver functions |
manufacture of bile, detoxify drugs and alcohol, degrade hormones, make cholesterol and blood proteins, process nearly every class of nutrient, remove amino acids and fatty acids and glucose from blood, remove and destroy bacteria, maintain blood glucose levels, breakdown of fats and fatty acids, creates clotting proteins |
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basal metabolic rate |
the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time when it is under basal conditions |
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total metabolic rate |
refers to the total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities |
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Why do we heat up when we exercise? |
most of the energy released as foods are oxidized escapes as heat |
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frostbite |
if restriction of blood delivery to the skin is extended, the skin cells, chilled by internal ice crystals and deprived of oxygen and nutrients begin to die |
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heat loss mechanisms |
radiation, evaporation |
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RDA |
Recommended Daily Allowance |
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Function of Vitamin A in the body during pregnancy |
cell development, tissue growth, fetal tooth bed formation, bone growth |
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Function of Vitamin D in the body during pregnancy |
absorption of calcium and phosphorus, mineralization of fetal bone tissue and tooth buds |
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Function of Vitamin E in the body during pregnancy |
tissue growth, cell wall integrity and RBC integrity |