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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Components of nucleotide
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms- a base, a simple sugar, and a phosphate group
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Kinds of RNA
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-mRNA- gets the instructions from DNA and Carries it to the ribosomes
-tRNA- brings in amino acids to the ribosomes, hooks to mRNA -rRNA-makes up ribosomes |
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Where replication takes place and how
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takes place in the nucleus- makes exact copies of entire chromosome
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Where transcription takes place and how
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takes place in nucleus- doesn't copy entire DNA, it is to get information to make proteins
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Where translation takes place and how
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takes place at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
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Frameshift mutations
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Frameshift- involves the addition or deletion of a single base in a DNA molecule EX. The dog ate the cat, thd oga tet hec at
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Point mutations
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A change in a single base of the DNA molecule which affects the synthesis of an entire protein
1. substitution of bases within a letter code Ex. The dog atethe cat, the hog ate the cat 2. deletion or insertion of an entire 3 letter code Ex. The Dog ate the cat, the red dog ate the cat or the dog ate cat |
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Gene mutation vs chromosomal mutation
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Gene mutation- a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up the gene
Chromosomal mutation- Mutations to chromosomes caused mostly by chromosomes breaking off and being lost during mitosis or meiosis or they break and rejoin incorrectly |
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Code
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TAC (DNA)
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Codon
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AUG (mRNA)
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anticodon
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UAC (tRNA)
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How many nitrogen bases needed to make a code
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4
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Compare and contrast DNA vs RNA
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Structure:
-RNA is composed of a single strand of nucleotides, rather than double strands -RNA has a different kind of sugar molecule, ribose -Has 4 nitrogen bases but rather than thymine, RNA has uracil |
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How many different amino acids are there
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20
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mutagen and examples
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causes the code to change- ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet light, gamma rays, and alpha particles
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Transcription
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Enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand
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Replication
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Used everytime a cell reproduces by mitosis or gamete
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centromere
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the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division
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chromatid
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each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
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chromatin
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the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
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