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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
america is what percentage of world? percentage that uses coke?
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5%
50% |
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2 purposes people started using drugs
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-medicinal
-spiritual |
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1800s Dope Paradise
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-coke in coca-cola
-laudnam-liquid opium -g. washington grew hemp -woman perscribed morphine -only worried about caffeine |
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first thing outlawed?
Act? |
opium
Harrison narcotic act |
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why opium was first outlawed?
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chinese pll started taking over giving labor & they were doing the opium. (chinese & opium seen as bad)
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what taxed & regulated opium
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harrison narcotic act
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2nd thing outlawed after opium
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alcohol (1920 prohibition)
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amendment with prohibtion
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18th
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why was alcohol outlawed?
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european immigrants drank alot
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what happened when alcohol was outlawed?
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italian mafia came here to make black market of alcohol
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year prohibition was appealed
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1933
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year marijuana was taxed & regulated
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1937
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why was marijuana taxed?
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mexican immigrants
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what years people smoked cigs & drank alot? was glamorized?
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40s & 50s
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1960s what happened during civil rights?
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people took drugs to reject parents, society
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year of war on drugs? declared by?
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1970
nixon |
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what 1970 controlled substance act did?
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-incarcerated americans
-moved regulation of drugs from treasury dept. to justice dept. (seen as more than just tax violation) |
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category 1 drugs (most dangerous/no medicinal use)
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-marijuana
-heroin -lsd -mdma -shrooms -peyote |
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category 2 drugs (medicinal)
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-cocaine
-amphetamines -morphine |
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category 3 drugs
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-barbituates
-steroids |
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category 4 drugs
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-valuim
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category 5 (less dangerous)
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cough syrup with codeine
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year of anti-drug abuse act
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1988
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what anti-drug abuse act did?
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amped up war on drugs
"just say no" made penalties harsher |
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1st drug celebrity
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henry ann slinger
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year of harrison narcotics act
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1914
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2 people that survey drug use
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-national survey of drug use & health
-monitoring the future study |
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most common age of drug use
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18-25
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illicit drug past month %
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9%
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marijuana past month %
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7%
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alcohol past month %
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52%
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binge drinking past month
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23%
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cigs past month
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23%
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psychotherapuetics last month %
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3%
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cocaine past month %
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1%
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hallucinogens past month %
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1%
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heroin past month %
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<1%
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monitoring the future study tests what ages?
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8th, 10th, 12th graders
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drugs use is lower than?
but spiked when? |
30 years ago
went up in 70s, down in 90s, then up again & consistent |
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gender stats on substance use
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males use drugs more; women drink more
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race that uses most?
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american indians
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age-age-race crossover effect?
reason? |
white adolescents use more-but flips when 35 & african americans use more
white kids take risks bc can afford to be bailed out |
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US vs. NETHERLANDS
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-u.s. uses more illegal drugs
-netherlands use more alcohol & cigs -marijuana lower in netherlands |
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biological reasons for drug use/abuse
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-father drinks alot
-genetic marker called P300 -trying alcohol before age 15 -strong evidence in twins -substance alters brain |
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parental addiction increases odd for child by?
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3 (child 3 times more likely to become addicted)
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why do people do drugs in psychological sense?
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for fun, to cope, escape reality, for pain, etc.
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personality theories
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some people have characteristics that make them more prone to addiction
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personality traits prone to addiction (10)
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-harm avoidant
-reward dependent -novelty seeking -pessimistic -inability to trust -antisocial/aggressive -low self-esteem -hypersensitive -self-destructive -passive |
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social-psychological theory of family/social influences
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-early attachment 1st three years
-abuse/neglect -parenting style |
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authoritarian parenting
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high control, low support
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authoritative parenting
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high control, high support
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permissive
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low control, high support
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neglect
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low control, low support
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authoritarian kids have
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low self-esteem
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permissive kids have
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high self-esteem
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parenting style least likely to become addicted
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authoritative
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enmeshed vs disengaged parents
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-enmeshed when no boundaries (privacy) between each other
-disengaged is important because have boundaries |
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allowance affect on kids
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more $=more drugs
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divorce rates
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divorce has high but homes with conflict are higher
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child highest risk
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youngest
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parents or peers influence more?
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parents because parents influence who are peers
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sociological theories
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micro & macro
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social learning (micro)
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learn from observing people
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symbolic interactionist (micro)
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we define reality based on our interactions of people (looking glass theory- come to see self as other people see you)
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social control (micro)
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could do whatever we want but inform controls (parents discouraging kids from using) & formal controls (laws) keep us from doing that
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exchange theory (micro)
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wanting the benefit to exceed the cost (what people think drugs do)
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subculture (micro)
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people in a society with totally different norms than yours
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social strain (micro)
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bad things happen to people & change them
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functionalism (macro)
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society is like an organism-has diff parts with diff functions & all are interdependent
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who said from beginning of life we have desire to alter state from reality. stop confusing "use" with "abuse"
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andrew weil
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Marx's conflict theory (macro)
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in society there is competition for scarce resources. there are "haves" and "have nots" where powerful has most of the wealth
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merton's social strain theory
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-capitalism (goods will be produced if there is high profit)
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stanton peele in hungry for the next fix argues:
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addiction is not a disease
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in peele's article he notes that the national institute of drug abuse (NIDA):
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favors the disease model of addiction
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the disease model is supported by:
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alcoholics anonymous
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peele references which of the following in his article?
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all:
-high rates of recovery in vietnam vets -ineffectiveness of naltrexone (drug designed to block addiction) -brains scans of alcoholics look similar to complulsive shoppers, eaters, gamblers |
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stocker (finding the future alcoholic) suggests alcoholics brain is hypersensitive to stress & uses alcohol to calm down. hypersensitivity due to:
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genetics AND the enviroment
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bagle (how it all starts in your brain) emphasizes:
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how drug use changes the brain reducing the ability to feel pleasure from ordinary activities
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legrand, iacono, mcgue (predicting addiction) reveal that:
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addiction risk (to some extent) is inherited but NONspecific
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legrand, iacono, mcgue (predicting addiction) reveal that addiction can be predicted by:
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all:
-amount of alcohol father drinks -genetic marker called P300 -if try alcohol before age 15 |
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predicting addiction suggest that the contribution of genetics & environment to addiction is what %
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50% genetics/ 50% enviroment
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there are people who can persuasively argue that environment plays no role
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false
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is addiction a disease?
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yes AND no
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