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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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affect
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a pattern of observalbe behaviors that is the expression of s subjectively experienced feeling state - refers to more fluctuating changes in emotion
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blunted affect
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significant reduction in the intensity of emotional expression
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flat affect
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absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression
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inappropriate affect
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discordance between affective expression and the content of speech or ideation
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labile affect
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abnormal variability in affect with repeated, rapid, and abrupt shifts in affective expression
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restricted or constricted affect
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mild reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression
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agitation (psychomotor agitation)
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excessive motor activity associated with a feeling of inner tension - repetitive pacing, pulling of clothes, etc.
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agonist medication
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a chemical entity extrinsic to endogenously produced substances that acts on a receptor and is capable of producing the maximal effect that can be produced by stimulating that receptor
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agonist/antagonist medication
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a chemical entity extrinsic to endogenously produced substances that acts on a family of receptors (such as mu, delta, and kappa opiate receptors) in such a fash that it is an agonist or partial agonist on one type of receptor and an antagonist on another
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alogia
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an impoverishment in thinking that is inferred from observing speech and language behavior
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amnesia
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loss of memory
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anterograde amnesia
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loss of memory of events that occur after the onset of the etiological condition or agent
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retrograde amnesia
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loss of memory of events that occurred before the onset of the etiological condition or agent
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antagonist
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a chemical entity extrinsic to endogenously produced substances that occupies a receptor, produces no physiologic effects, and prevents endogenous and exogenous chemical from producing an effect on that receptor
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anxiety
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the apprehensive anticipation of future danger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria or somatic symptoms of tension
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aphasia
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an impairment in the understanding or transmission of ideas by language in any of its forms - reading, writing, or speaking - that is due to injury or disease of the brain centers involved in language
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aphonia
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an inability to produce speech sounds that require the use of the larynx that is not due to a lesion in the central nervous system
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ataxia
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partial or complete loss of coordination of voluntary muscular movement
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attention
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the ability to focus in a sustained manner on a particular stimulus or activity
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avolition
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an inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities - when severe enough to be considered pathological, avolition is pervasive and prevents the person from completing many different types of activities such as work
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catalepsy
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waxy flexibility - rigid maintenance of a body position over an extended period of time
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cataplexy
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episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone resulting in the individual collaspsing, often in association with intense emotions such as laughter, anger, fear, or surprise
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catatonic behavior
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marked motor abnormalities including motoric immobility (i.e., catalepsy or stupor), certain types of excessive motor activity (apparently purposeless agitation not influence by external stimuli), extremem negativism (apparent motiveless resistance to instructions or attempts to be moved), or mutism, posturing or stereotyped movements, and echolalia or echopraxia
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conversion symptom
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a loss of, or alteration in, voluntary motor or sensory functioning suggesting a neurological or general medical condition
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defense mechanism
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automatic psychological process that protects the individual against anxiety and from awareness of internal or external stressor or dangers such as projection, suppression, denial, etc.
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delusion
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a false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly sustained despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof of evidence to the contrary
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bizarre delusion
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involves a phenomenon that the person's culture would regard as totally implausible
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delusional jealousy
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the delusion that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
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erotomanic delusion
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a delusion that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with the individual
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grandiose delusion
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a delusion of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person
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of being controlled deulusion
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a delusion in which feelings, impulses, thoughts, or actions are experienced as being under the control of some external force rather than being under one's own control
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mood-congruent psychotic features
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delusions or hallucinations whose content is entirely consistent with the typical themes of a depressed or manic mood
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mood-incongruent psychotic features
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delusions or hallucinations whose content is not consistent with the typical themes of a depressed or manic mood
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of reference delusion
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a delusion whose theme is that events, objects, or other person in one's immediate environment have a particular and unusual significance - usually negative or pejorative nature, but also may be grandiose
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persecutory delusion
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a delusion in which the central theme is that one (or someone to whom one is close) is being attacked, harassed, cheated, persecuted, or conspired against
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somatic delusion
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a delusion whose main content pertains to the appearance or functioning of one's body
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thought broadcasting delusion
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the delusion that one's thoughts are being broadcast out loud so that they can be perceived by others
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thought insertion delusion
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the delusion that certain of one's thoughts are not one's own, but rather are inserted into one's mind
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depersonalization
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an alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that one feels detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of , one's mental processes or body
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derailment ("loosening of associations")
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a pattern of speech in which a person's ideas slip off one track onto another that is completely unrelated or only obliquely related, in moving from one sentence or clause to another, the person shifts the topic
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derealization
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an alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems strange or unreal
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disorientation
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confusion about the time of day, date, or season (time), where one is (place), or who one is (person)
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dissociation
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a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment - the distrubance may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic
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distractibility
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the inability to maintain attention, that is, the shifting from one area or topic to another with minimal provocation, or attention being drawn too frequently to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli
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dysarthria
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imperfect articulation of speech due to disturbances of muscular control
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dyskinesia
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distortion of voluntary movements with involuntary muscular activity
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dyssomnia
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primary disorders of sleep or wakefulness characterezed by insomnia or hypersonmia as the major presenting symptom -disorders of the amount, quality, or timing of sleep
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dystonia
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disordered tonicity of muscles
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echolalia
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the pathological, parrotlike, and apparently senseless repetition of a word or phrase just spoken by another person
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flashback
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a recurrence of a memory, feeling, or perceptual experience from the past
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flight of ideas
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a nearly continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic that are usually based on understandable associations, distracting stimuli, or plays on words - when sever speech may be disorganized and incoherent
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gender dysphoria
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a persistent aversion toward some or all of those physical characteristics or social roles that connote one's own biological sex
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gender identity
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a person's inner conviction of being male or female
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gender role
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attitudes, patterns of behavior and personality attributes defined by the culture in which the person lives as stereotypically "masculine" or "feminine" social roles
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hallucination
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a sensory perception that has the compelling sense of reality of a true perception but that occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ
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auditory hallucination
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involving the perception of sound, most commonly of voices
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gustatory hallucination
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involving the perception of taste (usually unpleasant)
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olfactory hallucination
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involving the perception of odor, such as of burning rubber or decaying fish
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somatic hallucination
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a hallucination involving the perception of a physical experience localized within the body (such as a feeling of electricity)involving the perception of a physical experience localized with the body
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tactile hallucination
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involving the perception of being touched or of something being under one's skin - most common sensation of electric shocks and something creeping or crawling on or under the skin
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visual hallucination
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involving sight, which may consist of formed images, such as of people, or of unformed images, such as flashes of light
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hyperacusis
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painful sensitivity to sounds
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hypersonmia
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excessive sleepiness, as evidenced by prolonged nocturnal sleep, difficulty maintaining an alert awake state durng the day, or undesired daytime sleep episodes
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ideas of reference
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the feeling that casual incidents and external events have a particular and unusual meaning that is specific to the person
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incoherence
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speech or thinking that is essentially incomprehensible to others because words or phrases are joined together without a logical or meaningful connections
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insomnia
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a subjective complaint of difficulty falling or staying asleep or poor sleep quality
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initial insomnia
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difficulty in falling asleep
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middle insomnia
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awakening in the middle of the night followed by eventually falling back to sleep, but with difficulty
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terminal insomnia
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awakening before one's usual waking time and being unable to return to sleep
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intersex condition
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a condition in which an individual show intermingling, in warious degrees, of the characteristics of each sex, including physical form, reproductive organs, and sexual behavior
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macropsia
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the visual perception that objects are larger than they actually are
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magical thinking
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the erroneous belief that one's thoughts, words, or actions will cause or prevent a specific outcome in some way that defies commonly understood laws of cause and effect
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micropsia
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the visual perception that objects are smaller than they actually are
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mood
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a pervasive and sustained emotion that colors the perception of the world
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dysphoric mood
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an unpleasant mood, such as sadness, anxiety, or irritability
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elevated mood
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an exaggerated feeling of well-being, or euphoria or elation - person with elevated mood may describe feeling "high," "ecstatic," etc.
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euthymic mood
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mood in the "normal" range, which implies the absence of depressed or elevated mood
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expansive mood
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lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings, frequently with an overvaluation of one's significance or importance
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irritable mood
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easily annoyed and provoked to anger
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nystagmus
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involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes that consist of of small amplitude rapid tremors in one direction and a larger, slower, recurrent sweep in the opposite direction
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overvalued idea
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an unreasonable and sustained belief that is maintained with less than delusional intensity (i.e., the person is able to ackowledge the possibility that the belief may not be true)
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panic attacks
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discrete periods of sudden onset of intense apprehension, ferafulness, or terror, often associated with feeling of impending doom - during these attacks there are sysmptoms such as shortness of breath or smothering sensations; pappitations, pounding hert, or accelerated heart rate; chest pain or discomfort' choking,; and fear of going crazy or losing control
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paranoid ideation
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ideation, of less than delusional proportions, involving suspiciousness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
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parasonmia
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abnormal behavior or physiological events ocuuring durng sleep or sleep-wake transitions
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personality
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enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself
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phobia
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a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that results in a compelling desire to avoid it
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pressured speech
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speech that is increased in amount, accelaerated, and difficult or impossilbe to interrupt - usually it is also loud and emphatic
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prodrom
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an early premonitory sign or symptom of a disorder
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psychomotor retardation
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visible generalized slowing of movements and speech
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psychotic
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a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing
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residual phase
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the phase of an illness that occurs after remission of the florid symptoms or the full syndrome
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sex
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a perons's biological status as male, femal, or uncertain
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sign
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an objective manifestation of a pathological condition - signs are observed by the examiner rather than reported by the affected individual
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stereotyped movement
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repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior (body rocking, head banging, self-biting, etc.)
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stressor, psychosocial
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any life event or life change that may be associated temporally with the onset, occurrence, or exacerbation of a mental disorder
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stupor
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a state of unresponsiveness with immobility and mutism
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symptom
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a subjective manifestation of pathological condition - symptoms are reported by the affected individual rather than observed by the examiner
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syndrome
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a grouping of signs and symptoms, based on their frequent co-occurrence, that may suggest a common underlying pathogenesis, course, familial pattern, or treatemtn selection
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synesthesia
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a condition in which a sensory experience associated with one modality occurs when another modality is stimulated, for example, a sound produces the sensation of a particular color
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tic
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an involuntary, sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization
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transsexualims
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severe gender sysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex
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