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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the first part in the rock cycle?
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The mantle of the earth's crust melts and the magma cools and solidifies
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What does the cooled magma form?
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Igneous rock
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What does the igneous rock do in the rock cycle?
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Deposits as weathering breaks down rock that is transported
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What do the deposited rock form?
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Sediment
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What process do the deposits go through after producing sediment?
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Lithification and the sediment will either compact or cement to form sedimentary rock
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What happens to the sedimentary rock in the cycle?
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It gets buried deep in the crust and the heat pressure (stress) of being buried deep down causes it to become metamorphic rock.
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What is the last step in the rock cycle?
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The metamorphc rock goes back into the mantle and becomes magma if rocks melt beneath the surface and now that magma is regenerated in Earth's crust the process can occur all over again
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What are the three groups of rocks?
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Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
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How do igneous rock form?
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When crystallization occurs beneath the surface or after a volcanic eruption
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What type of igneous rock is a molten rock generated by partial melting of Earth's mantle?
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magma
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What is extrusive igneous rock?
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The rocks that form when molten rock solidifies at the surface
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What is intrusive?
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The igneous rocks that form below the surface
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How can you tell extrusive rocks?
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They have a small-grained texture
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What type of texture do intrusive rocks have?
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course-grained
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What is a course-grained type rock?
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Granite (intrusive)
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What is a fine-grained type rock?
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Rhyolite (extrusive)
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What does felsic mean?
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light colored rocks that contain silicates such as feldspar and quartz
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What is a felsic type rock?
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Granite
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What does mafic mean?
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The rocks that contain the dark-colored minerals and have a more basaltic composition
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What is a type of mafic rock?
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Basalt, it is a dark green black volcanic rock
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What is the most abundant characteristic of sedimentary rocks that form at Earth's surface?
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Layer upon layer of sediment accumulate, that records the nature of the environment at the time the sediment was deposited.
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What is the term for the layers of sedimentary rock that form at earth's surface?
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Strata
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What are important traces found in sedimentary rocks?
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Fossils-have traces of prehistoric life that help to answer questions about the environment
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What type of sedimentary rock fizzes with hydrochloric acid?
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Calcite
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What is the hardest cemented sediment?
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Silica
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How can you tell iron oxide is present in a sedimentary rock?
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If there is a orange or red found in it
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How are metamorphic rocks formed?
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From pre-existing igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks
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What is metamorphism?
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they change form either through texture, mineralogy, and often chemical composition
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What does metamorphism respond to?
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to changes in temperature, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids
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When does metarmophism stop changing?
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Until it reaches equilibrium with environment
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What does foliated mean?
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The crystals of some minerals will recrystallize with a preferred orientation and when they become foliated the texture of the metamorphic have a layered appearance because the minerals are bought into a parallel alignment
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What is non foliated?
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These metamorphic rocks are generally only composed of one mineral
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What is an example of non foliated?
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Limestone is pure because it is only composed of calcite
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What are two types of foliated rocks?
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Slate and Gneiss
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What is slate composed of?>
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it is a very fine-grained foliated rock made up of small mica flakes
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how can you tell a rock is slate?
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It splits easily into flat slabs
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How is slate made?
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From low-grade metamorphism of shale
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What is Gneiss?
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Banded metamorphic rock that have mostly elongated and granular minerals
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What are the most common minerals in Gneiss?
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Quartz and feldspar, you can see both dark and light silicates in gneiss
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What are two non-foliated metamorphic rocks?
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Marble and quartzite
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What is marble made from?
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It is a coarse crystalline rock whose parent rock is limestone
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what is marble composed of?
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Large interlocking calcite crystals which form from recrystallization of smaller grains in parent rock
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What is a special characteristic of limestone that gives marble its color?
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Contain different impurities which color the marble either, pink, grey, green or even black
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What is the major difference between quartzite and marble?
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Quartzite is much harder than marble and is form from quartz sandstone
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what happens to the quartz grains in sandstone under moderate-high grade metamorphism?
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They fuse
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What are the differences in color in quartzite?
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Pure quartzite is white, but sometimes if redish or pinkish stains appear then iron oxide must be present
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