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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
smaller earthquakes that occur after a major earthquake
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aftershocks
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waves that travel through the interior of Earth; there are two types: primary and secondary waves
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body waves
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process of heat transfer by the circulation or movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic material
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convection
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immediate return of deformed rock to its natural shape
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elastic rebound
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location on the earth's surface directly over the focus of an earthquake
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epicenter
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specific point in the earth where the rock layers along a fault move, producing an earthquake
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focus
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wet soil behaves like a liquid and is no longer able to support buildings during an earthquake
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liquefaction
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waves that travel on the surface of the earth; there is one type of surface wave: Love waves
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surface waves
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where does most seismic activity occur?
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along tectonic plate boundaries
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force that drives earthquake activity
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plate tectonics
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earthquakes are the cause for other natural disasters like: ________
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landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction
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After an earthquake, additional adjustments can occur along the fault. These adjustments can cause damaging vibrations called _____.
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aftershocks
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remember p-wave, l-wave, and s-wave motions
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okey dokey
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Tectonic plate movement is created by _____ in the underlying mantle.
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convection
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mini-quakes that usually occur before a major earthquake
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foreshocks
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measure of the total amount of energy released during an earthquake
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magnitude
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scale that measures the effects or severity of an earthquake
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mercalli intensity scale
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newer magnitude scale that measures the amount of moved (displaced) rock along a fault to determine the strength of an earthquake
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moment magnitude scale
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scale of magnitude based on the size of seismic waves produced by an earthquake
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richter scale
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areas on active faults where a major earthquake hasn't occurred in a long time
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seismic gaps
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a record of the time and intensity of the energy waves produced by an earthquake
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seismogram
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instrument used to record and measure vibrations from earthquakes or earth tremors
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seismograph
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scientific study of earthquakes
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seismology
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process used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake
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triangulation
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The area where rock layers first move along a fault is the _____ of an earthquake.
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focus
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A seismograph records an earthquake, but scientists do not feel it. The earthquake has a magnitude _____.
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<2.0
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The farther apart the P and S waves are on a seismogram, the farther away is the epicenter of an earthquake. t/f
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true
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What are some signs that an earthquake may occur? (3)
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foreshocks, well water level changes, rock magnitude properties change
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arch-shaped, upward fold in rock
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anticline
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block of rock below the slant of a fault
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footwall
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a lower block of rock between two normal faults
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graben
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block of rock above the slant of a fault
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hanging wall
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an uplifted block of rock between two normal faults
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horst
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a ramp-like fold between flat rock layers at different elevations
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monocline
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fault that occurs when two tectonic plates are moving apart from each other; the hanging wall drops relative to the footwall
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normal fault
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fault that occurs when two tectonic plates collide; the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall
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reverse fault
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cliff-like landform created by a normal fault
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scarp
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fault that occurs when two tectonic plates are sliding sideways against each other in opposite directions
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strike-slip fault
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U-shaped, downward fold in rock
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syncline
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Compressional stress on rock can cause strong and deep earthquakes, usually at _____.
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reverse faults
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Shear stress created the San Andreas Fault in Southern California. It is an example of a _____.
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strike-slip fault
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a valley of rolling hills is an example of _____.
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anticlines and synclines
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When tectonic plates pull apart from one another, tensional stress is placed on rock layers and a ______ fault occurs.
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normal
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When a huge block of rock is pushed up at a normal fault, a ______ mountain is usually formed.
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fault-block
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You can tell normal and reverse faults apart because at a normal fault the hanging wall has _____ relative to the footwall.
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dropped
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