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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
catastrophism is, and concludes that....
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is landscape that developed by catastrophies
concludes that earth was only a few thousand years old |
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What is uniformitarianism?
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It states that the "present is the key to the past."
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What is relative dating?
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Placeing rocks and events in sequence, not with dates.
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Law of superposition?
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oldest rocks are on the bottem, younger rocks are on top.
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Original Horizontality?
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Rock layers are naturally deposited horizontally.
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Principal of cross-cutting relationships.
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Younger features cut through older features.
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An unconformity is....
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a break in the rock record caused by tectonic activity, then erosion, and then deposition again.
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When you see an unconformity you know that....
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there are parts of the rock record missing
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Correlation is....
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matching rocks of different regions based on similar ages.
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Rocks are correlated by
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index fossils, color, type of rock, or groups of fossils
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Petrified fossil
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cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter
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Formed by replacement
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– cell material is removed and replaced with mineral matter
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Mold
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– shell or other structure is buried and then dissolved by underground water
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Cast
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– hollow space of a mold is filled with mineral matter
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Carbonization
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– organic matter becomes a thin residue of carbon
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Impression
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– replica of the fossil's surface preserved in fine-grained sediment
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Preservation in amber –
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hardened resin of ancient trees surrounds an organism
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Trace fossils are....(NOT what kinds are there)
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Fossils that show indirect evidence of life.
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Kinds of trace fossils are..
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burrows, tracks, coprolites, gastroliths.
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Coprolite is..
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fossil dung and animal stomach contents
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Gastroliths
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– stomach stones used to grind food by some extinct reptiles
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Conditions favoring preservation are...
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hard parts, and rapid burrial
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Index fossils are.....
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fossils that appeared over a wide spread area but only for a short amount of geologic time.
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The two eons were...
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Precambrian, Phanerozoic
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The phanerozoic eon started because....
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life started to appear
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The 3 parts of the Precambrian from oldest to youngest were...
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Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic
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The 3 eras of the Phanerozoic from oldest to youngest are...
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Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic
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What are eras divided into?
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Periods
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What are Periods divided into?
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Epochs
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Limestone suggests what about the history of that time?
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deep water
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Sandstone suggests what about the history of that time?
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Fast moving water-shoreline, fast moving stream. Or a windy desert.
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Shale suggests what about the history of that time?
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Lake/water that is not moving, can be in oceans off shore.
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Coal suggests what about the history of that time?
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swamp
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Conglomerate suggests what about the hisotry of that time?
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fast moving stream, glacial deposit,coastline.
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What igneous rock cools deep underground?
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Granite, it is large grained
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What igneous rocks cooled fast at the surface
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basalt, rhyolite, fine grained
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What igneous rock formed rapidly in the air?
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Obsidian, and pumice, glassy
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And angular unconformity is when.....
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two rocks with at different angles form on top of each other. ex) an angled rock forms at the bottem, and regular rock forms on top
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What creates valleys?
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Weathering and erosion
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Why do sea levels change?
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Glaical melting, and techtonic activity-rising and falling of land around it.
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What kind of rock does a fossil have to be in?
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sedimentary
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Transgression is...
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when oceans are getting deeper and moving onto shore.
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Regression is...
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oceans getting shallower and moving off shore.
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heated sandstone gets....
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quartzite
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Heated limestone gets....
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marble
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What metamorphic rocks are foliated?(meaning organiztion of minerals)
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gneiss, micha shist, slate
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What metamorphic rocks are non-foliated(meaning no organization of minerals)
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marble, anthrosite, coal, quartzite
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Sedimentary rocks are classified into two groups...
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clastic(made of rock/minderal sediment)
and non clastic(non rock sediment) |
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What sedimentary rocks are clastic?
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conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and siltstone.
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What sedimentary rocks are non-clastic?
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halite, lithographic, coquina, chalk, fossiliferous, and coal.
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What epoch do we live in?
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Holocene
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What is a disconformity?
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When a long time passes with out depistiion, and erosion happened, then deposition resumed.
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