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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Consider the tree given. Which of the statements given below is CORRECT in the light of this tree? |
Newts are the sister group of the other land vertebrates |
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This tree shows the phylogeny of Central and South American pitvipers. Different colours designate Central and South American species. If these pitvipers had their origin in Central America, how many instances of dispersal from one landmass to another does this tree require? |
6 |
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Consider the data in the Table . state something |
This character tells us nothing about the phylogeny of these vertebrates |
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What is NOT an advantage of molecular data over morphological data in phylogenetic analysis |
Low cost of obtaining data |
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Name advantages of molecular data over morphological data in phylogenetic analysis (four things) |
b. Nearly limitless number of charactersc. Unaffected by direct environmental inductiond. Can give an estimate of absolute times of divergence between lineagese. Unaffected by convergent natural selection for similar natural history |
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Disturbed streams contain more larval insects that are (three things) |
-become adults that are strong fliers -have streamlined bodies -are small |
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What is the ultimate source of all genetic variation? |
Mutation |
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Why doesn't natural selection purge all variation from populations (two answers) |
Some variation is hidden (e.g. recessive alleles) Selection pressure can depend on the frequency of a trait in a population |
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Demographic uncertainty is a problem for small populations because |
Gender imbalance can devastate small populations |
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In humans, children look like their biological parents because they: |
have copies of their parents genes |
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A population of beetles living in an open heathland area contains green and black individuals. One day in late summer the owner starts a fire on the heathland as part of an agreed management regime, but the fire gets out of control. It burns through part of the heathland where, by chance, 80 % of the black beetles are feeding. Green beetles therefore survive the fire in greater numbers and produce more offspring than black beetles. This is an example of: |
Genetic drift |
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'Refugia' ocurred when: |
Temperate biomes moved towards the equator during the glaciations, tropical forests contracted to a limited number of small refuges surrounded by grasslands |
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The ‘Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography’ states that; |
Large islands should support more species than small islands |
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A population of beetles living in an grassland area contains green and black individuals. The green beetles are difficult to see against the grass, and bird predators therefore eat more black beetles than green beetles. Green beetles therefore survive to reproductive age in greater numbers and produce more offspring than black beetles. This is an example of: |
natural selection |
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Which of the following did Charles Darwin NOT do during the voyage of HMS Beagle? |
Read Mendel’s Experiments on Plant Hybridisation |
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The ‘Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis’ states that; |
Highest diversity is maintained at intermediate levels of disturbance |
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Consider the phylogenetic tree and the character data given below. How many instances of character state change are required to fit the data to the tree? |
8 |
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The use of refugia in agriculture |
decreases crop damage and the use of pesticides |
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Epiphytes are commonly found in which terrestrial biome? |
Tropical rain forests |
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The terrestrial biome that is characterised by high temperatures and seasonal drought is |
savanna |
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Based on the tree below and employing the principle of parsimony, what colour would you expect species C to be? |
yellow |
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In lakes, the limnetic zone is: (three answers) |
High in oxygen content |
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Mutations |
are random |
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Consider the DNA sequence data below. Which of the following trees is the most parsimonious tree given these data? |
d |
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a. A phylogenetic tree groups organisms according to their overall similarity b. A phylogenetic tree is a set of hierarchically nested monophyletic groups c. A phylogenetic tree shows the relative recency of common ancestry of different organisms d.A phylogenetic tree shows the set of historical evolutionary connections between organisms e. A phylogenetic tree can be used as a basis for the classification of life |
a. A phylogenetic tree groups organisms according to their overall similarity |
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Using a 24-hour timescale and assuming that the Earth was formed at midnight, at what time during the day did the K-T extinction occur? |
23:45 |
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The height of adult humans varies because: (two things) |
individuals have different diets and receive different levels of health care over their lifetime individuals have different genotypes |
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Approximately what proportion of the species alive on Earth today have been described scientifically? |
Approximately 5-10% |
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A monophyletic group is a group that contains: |
all the descendants of a common ancestor, and only its descendants. |
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