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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the gradual and seemingly directional change in community structure through time (e.g. from field to forest)?
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succession
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What is the sequence of communities from grass to shrub to forest?
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sere
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What are the changes of a sere called?
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seral stages
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Which species are generally characterized by high growth rates, smaller size, high degree of dispersal, and high rates of per capita population growth?
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early successional species or pioneer species
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Which species have lower rates of dispersal and colonization, slower per capita growth rate, and are larger and longer-lived?
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late successional species
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What term describes the involvement of departure from "average conditions"?
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disturbance
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What are the two major characteristics of disturbance?
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frequency - how often the disturbance occurs
intensity - how severe the disruption is |
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At _____ levels of disturbance, more competitive organisms will push subordinate species to extinction and dominate the ecosystem.
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low
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At ____ levels of disturbance, due to frequent forest fires or human impacts like deforestation, all species are at risk of going extinct.
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high
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What do patterns of disturbance depend on?
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frequency
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If there is a high frequency of disturbance, diversity will ________.
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remain low
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If there is a low frequency of disturbance, diversity will _________.
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decline
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If there is an intermediate frequency of disturbance, what may occur?
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colonization may occur
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What term describes the absence of change?
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stability
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What term describes the ability to maintain structure and function in face of potential disturbance?
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resistance
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What term describes the ability to recover from disturbance?
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resilience
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Which type of succession occurs on a site previously unoccupied by a community?
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primary succession
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Which type of succession occurs on a previously occupied (vegetated) site after disturbance?
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secondary succession
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Which type of succession would occur on a site of rock outcrops and cliffs?
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primary succession
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Which type of succession would occur on a site after a crop field has been abandoned?
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secondary succession
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What species produce great quantity of seeds that are disseminated by the wind and are capable of germinating and growing under direct sun?
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early succession /opportunistic /pioneer species
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What causes shade thus preventing germination of pioneer species?
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closed canopy
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Which species become established and replace pioneers as they die?
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shade "tolerant" species
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What is a climax community?
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community that will exist persist until disturbance occurs again
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