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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe Maslow's deficiency needs |
Survival, Safety, Belonging and Self-Esteem |
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Describe Maslow's higher level being needs |
intellectual achievement, aesthetic appreciation and self-actualization |
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What is procedural knowledge? |
how to preform cognitive abilities |
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Define domain-specific strategy |
non-automatic procedural knowledge that shifts with environmental conditions |
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What is metacognition? |
Metacognition is literally thinking about thinking, three areas of knowledge are declarative, procedural and conditional. |
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What are mnemonics? |
systematic procedures for improving memory |
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What is declarative knowledge? |
Declarative knowledge is information acquired by connecting to existing knowledge. |
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Name and describe two types of explicit memory |
Episodic- your own experiences and semantic-facts learned, declarative knowledge |
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Name and describe the three parts of Implicit memory: |
Classical conditioning: cause and effect, Procedural memory: motor memory, habits, Priming: activation of concept in LTM |
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Define social cognitive theory: |
self-perception, beliefs and expectations are learned by observing others. |
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What is cognitive behavior modification? |
using self instruction and self talk to change your own behavior. |
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What is self efficacy? |
an individual sense of ability to complete tasks |
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What is behaviorism? Who are the players? |
Pavlov and Skinner, focuses on observable behavior |
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What is Pavlov known for? |
Conducting conditioning experiments |
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What is B.F. Skinner known for? |
concept of operant behavior antecedents/consequences THrondike's concept of reinforcement |
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What are Skinner's two schedules of reinforcement? |
Continuous- reinforced every time Intermittent- reinforced seemingly randomly |
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What is the Hawthorne effect? |
too much reinforcement occurs, it loses it's effect |
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What are the two options in determining if a child has a LD? |
1.Severe discrepancy between ability and achievement 2.Determination of underachievement |
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Describe the types of exceptional learners |
Gifted, Mentally retarded, Learning disabled, ADHD, emotional and behavioral disorders, sensory disorders, physical disorders |
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Describe three criteria that define gifted students: |
Precocious, own learning style, highly motivated |
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When discussing information processing theory, what is meant by environment? |
The environment is the external source of input into the information-processing system of the learner.
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Describe the two types of attention |
Selective- has control over attention, Automatic- responding without focusing attention |
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What is chunking? |
Organizing information into manageable chunks to aid in remembering. |
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What is contiguity |
two or more stimuli occurring together that become associated and expected |
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What is classical conditioning? |
learning of involuntary emotional or physiological responses based on the idea of contiguity |
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What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement? |
Positive reinforcement is additive, while negative reinforcement subtracts a stimulus. |
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What is cueing? |
The act of providing an antecedent stimulus prior to the expectation of a particular behavior. |
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What is the Premack Principle? |
Using a preferred activity as a reinforcer for a less preferred activity |
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What is sensory memory? |
the initial processing that transforms incoming stimuli into information. The process of detecting a stimulus and assigning it meaning is called perception. |
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describe Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia |
Dual coding: visual and verbal using different systems limited capacity: working memory is limited generative learning: meaningful learning happens when students focus on relevant info and generate or build their own connections |
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What are the three parts to a learning objective? |
Performance Condition Standard |
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What are Gagne's 5 types of learning outcomes? |
Verbal InformationCapability that makes communication possible.Intellectual SkillsVerbal skills refer to knowing "what", and intellectual skills refer to knowing "how".Cognitive StrategiesCapability that enables learners to organize and regulate their own internal processes.AttitudesPersonal feeling that influences a person's choice of actions.Motor SkillsPhysical control of
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What are the six categories of Blooms taxonomy? |
Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation |
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What are Madeline Hunter's Essentials of Effective Instruction |
Anticipatory set Objective and purpose Input Modeling Checking for understanding Guided Practice Closure Independent practice |
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What are the 5 parts to cooperative learning? |
Face to face interaction Individual responsibility collaborative skills Group processing positive interdependence |