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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Handicap |
a disadvantage in a particular situation |
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disability |
inability to do something |
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negative reinforcement |
strengthening behavior removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs |
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classical conditioning |
association of automatic responses with new stimuli |
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operate conditioning |
learning in which is voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences of antecedents |
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interval schedule |
reinforcement after a set period of time |
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correlation |
statistical descriptions of how closely two variables are related |
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negative correlation |
a relationship between two variables in which a high value on one is associated with a low clue on the other |
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scientifically based research |
research that uses observational experiments, is repeatable, and is reviewed by experts |
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cerebral cortex |
last part of brain to develop |
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plasticity |
brains ability to adapt |
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zone proximal development |
vygotsky's phase at which a child can master a task if given appropriate help and support |
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assimilation |
when a person attempts to put new information into an existing scheme |
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adaptation |
overall process of fitting in new information |
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accommodation |
changing initial scheme |
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shaping |
reinforcing each small step of progress toward a desired goal |
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conventional |
kohl bergs second level of moral reasoning where judgment is based off following rules |
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Trust vs. Mistrust first stage in theory of |
Erickson |
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big fish little pond syndrome |
when a student's self concept is very high due to being around low performance |
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self esteem |
the value each of us place on our own characteristic |
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socioeconomic status |
a cultural category that is correlated with higher test grades and more time spent on school |
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permissive parenting |
a parenting that employs high level of warmth but few rules |
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stereotype |
a schema that organizes your knowledge about a category |
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prejudice |
a prejudgment about an entire category of people |
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discrimination |
unfair treatment of particular categories of people |
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Example of Hours spent studying and grade point average |
Positive Correlation |
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Example of hours of video games played and grade point average |
Negative Correlation |
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Example of size of television and average times spent watching tv in a week |
No correlation |
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myelination |
covering of neuron in fatty substance; speeds transmission |
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lateralization |
hemispheric 'specialization' |
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Infant |
trust vs. mistrust |
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toddler |
autonomy vs. shame/doubt |
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preschooler |
initiative vs. guilt |
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school-age child |
industry vs. inferiority |
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adolescent |
identity vs. role confusion |
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young adult |
intimacy vs. isolation |
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middle-age adult |
generatively vs. stagnation |
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older adult |
integrity vs. despair |