Embryology Final Exam

divisions of the lung bud are called

• Fluid in pleural cavity

• Lymph in pleural cavity

• Air in pleural cavity

• Blood in pleural cavity

Lungs, at birth, have ______ of adult respiratory bronchioles

postnatal lung growth increases the ______of alveoli.

The number of alveoli and respiratory bronchioles continues increasing until______of age

When do type I and II alveolar epithelial cells appear?

What's surfactant made out of (mostly)

Contents of alveolar fluid

What happens if there's no surfactant at birth?

How long does the pseudoglandular period last?

How long does the canalicular period last?

How long does the terminal sac period last?

How long does the alveolar period last?

The most frequent type of tracheoesophageal atresia?

Tracheoesophageal fistulas usually accompany ___________ -______ of the time

The 1st pharyngeal cleft forms ________

the pharyngeal pouches form the ______

The ______pharyngeal arches will develop the larynx

the entrance into the trachea is called

Epiglottal swellings come from

Laryngeal swellings come from

cartilages of the larynx

the respiratory system from the larynx downwards is made out of _____ except the surrounding muscles and CT which come from____

Structures that form the tongue

the thyroid gland comes from _____originally and then it migrates to the ______ of the larynx through the ____

nerves to the larynx

Sometimes bronchioles close and form a ______ of the lung

When is the buccopharyngeal membrane ruptured?

the cardiac orifice of the stomach is in the thorax →

The bare area of the liver is covered by

The stomach appears as a fusiform dilation in ___

Around the stomach, the left vagus nerve becomes the ____vagus nerve, and the right vagus nerve becomes the _____vagus nerve

The stomach becomes oblique after it rotates around its____

Differential growth in the stomach leads to the formation of

The _____ called “the policeman of the abdomen” because _______

the connection between the greater and lesser sacs

The doudenum is ___ inches long

The 1st part of the duodenum is

The 2nd part of the duodenum is

the 3rd part of the duodenum is

the 4th part of the duodenum is

• The whole small intestine is_____meters long

The large intestine is _______ meters long

The first and last inches of the duodenum are

The root of the mesentery is

The superior mesenteric artery and vein run through ____

• How do we differentiate between the jejunum and the ileum during surgery?

canaliculi are formed by

when does the liver weight 10% of body weight?

when does the liver weigh 5% of body weight

When does the liver start producing bile secretions?

the bile duct is formed from

the gallbladder bud and cystic duct are formed from

The ventral pancreatic bud forms the

The dorsal pancreatic bud forms the

The main pancreatic duct is formed from the

The accessory pancreatic duct is formed from

a ring around the duodenum in

distension of the gallbladder, the hepatic duct and the cystic duct in

Physiological umbilical hernia occurs in the ____ week, and it goes back to normal in the ____week.

The intestines will rotate _____ degrees _____

In ____% of cases, pelvic appendix

In ___% of cases, retrocecal/ retrocolic appendix

the base of the appendix is the

when the intestines only rotate 90 degrees we get

when the intestines rotate 90 degrees clockwise we get

the proximal part of the vitelline duct persists and the distal part is obliterated into a vitelline ligament

• The middle portion of the vitelline duct persists

• Feces emerges from the umbilicus

the affected portion of the bowel is coiled around a remnant of mesentery.

in _____ of cases, there are multiple atresias in the intestinal wall

In ______of cases, a region of the bowel is lost The first part is normal-sized and closed off, the second part is stenosed and closed off

The urorectal septum separates the cloaca into

The urorectal septum separates the cloacal memebrane into

o The urorectal septum forms the _____

the superior part of the urogenital sinus forms the

The pectinate line is formed from ______

• Anal fistula at thigh with pus coming out

Length of male urethra

Length of female urethra

Pronephros appears and degenerates in ___

excretory tubules from mesonephros appear at ____ and stop functioning at _____ and degenerate at ____

the ____ will form the permanent kidney

The collecting system is composed of:

The excretory system is composed of

At birth kidneys are ____

Urine accumulates and forms sacs in____

When the uretric bud divides in two, we get a ___

Kidneys are usually developed in the ___

Pelvic kidneys are usually accompanied by___

Accessory renal arteries usually arise from the aorta and enter the _____

The horseshoe kidney is usually at the level of ______ because its ascent is prevented by the ______

Parts of the urogenital sinus

Prostatic glands secrete ___ containing ____

• Gonadal development is determined by _____

the SRY gene carries ____

testes/ ovaries are formed in the ____

Primitive sex cords cords form

Mesonephric ducts in the male genital system form

_____ + ____ = ejaculatory duct → opens in_____

supporting cells of primordial germ cells

produce testosterone

in females the medullary sex cords____

genital ducts and external genitalia develop under the effect of ______

secrete Mullerian inhibitory substance

In males, remnants of the paramesonephric ducts form

In males, the mesonephric ducts form

The uterine canal forms

What forms the lower 2/3 of the vagina

The hymen is formed from

Epoophoron and Paraoophoron.

Gartner cyst

septum between paramesonephric ducts persisted

uterus is only slightly indented in the middle

uterus has two horns entering a common vagina

complete or partial atresia of one of the paramesonephric ducts

Three common structures in external genitalia

Parts of the penile urethra

urethral folds don’t close over the urethral groove at the root of the glans

urethral opening is found on the dorsum of the penis

ectopia vesica is accompanied by

When do external genitalia develop?

undescended testes

testes reach inguinal region at

testes reach inguinal canal at

testes enter the scrotum at

testes may descend normally ___ after birth