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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the three main functions of the musculoskeletal system
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1) to give the body shape; 2) to protect vital internal organs; and 3) to provide for body movement
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Skeleton
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bones of the body; consists of skull and spine, ribs and sternum, shoulders and upper extremities, pelvis and lower extremities.
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Name the Four types of bones
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• Irregular ; sternum
• Long- humerus • Flat – ribs • Short- fingers & toes |
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Cranium
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the top, back, and sides of skull
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Mandible
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the lower jaw bone
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Maxillae
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the two fused bones forming the upper jaw
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Nasal Bones
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the nose bones
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Orbits
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the bony structures around the eyes; the eye sockets
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Zygomatic Arches
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form the structure of the cheeks
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What is the purpose of the SPINAL COLUMN?
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provides structure and support for the body, and houses and protects the spinal cord
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Recite the names, location and number of Vertebrae
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33
Cervical: (neck) 7 vertebrae Thoracic: (thorax, ribs, upper back) 12 vertebrae Lumbar: (lower back) 5 vertebrae Sacral: (back wall of pelvis) 5 vertebrae Coccyx: (tailbone) 4 vertebrae |
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What is the THORAX?
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the chest, the bones of the thorax form an internal space called the thoracic cavity. This cavity contain the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
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Ribs
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12 pairs of ribs that attach to the 12 thoracic vertebrae of the spine. 10 of these pairs are attached to the sternum and two are called floating ribs since they have no anterior attachment. Women have a 13th rib
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Sternum
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the breast bone; flat bone that is divided into three sections. (Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process)
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Manubrium
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the superior portion of the sternum
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Xiphoid Process
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the inferior portion of the sternum
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PELVIS
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the basin – shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities. (commonly referred to as the hip, although the hip is actually the joint where the femur and pelvis join). Contains bones that are fused together, the pelvis is joined posteriorly to the sacral spine.
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Iliac crest
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wings of the pelvis
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Ilium
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the superior and widest portion of the pelvis
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Ischium
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the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
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Pubis
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the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
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Acetabulum
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the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
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Femur
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the large thigh bone
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Patella
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the kneecap
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Tibia
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the medial and larger bone of the lower leg
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Fibula
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the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
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Malleolus
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protrusion on the side of the ankle. The lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle; the medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle
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Tarsals
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the ankle bones
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Metatarsals
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the foot bones
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Calcaneus
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the heel bone
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Phalanges
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the bones of the toes (and fingers)
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Shoulder
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each shoulder consists of three bones; the clavicle, the scapula and the proximal humerus
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Clavicle
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the collarbone (anterior)
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Scapula
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the shoulder blade (posterior)
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Proximal Humerus
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the part of the humerus bone closest to the trunk of the body
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Acromion Process
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the highest portion of the shoulder
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Acromioclavicular Joint
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the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet
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Humerus
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the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow
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Radius
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the lateral bone of the foreman
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Olecranon
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the elbow
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Ulna
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the medial bone of the forearm
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Carpals
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the wrist bones
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Metacarpals
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the hand bones
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Phalanges
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the bones of the fingers (and toes)
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JOINTS
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the point where two bones come together. There are several types of joints, including ball-and-socket joints and hinge joints. The hip is an example of a ball and socket joint. The elbow is an example of a hinge joint.
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Describe the make up the hip joint
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Greater trochanter (ball) and acetabulum (socket of the hip bone)
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Ligament
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tissue that connects bone to bone
(L)ittle (B)oy (B)lue (L)igament (B)one to (B)one |
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Tendon
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tissue that connects muscle to bone
(T)oo (mu)ch (b)eer (T)endone (m)uscle to (b)one |
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Muscles
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tissue that contract to allow movement of a body part; interact with the skeletal system. There are three types of muscle; voluntary muscle, involuntary and cardiac.
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Voluntary Muscle
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(skeletal muscle); is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous system. Attached to bones, the voluntary muscles form the major muscle mass of the body and are responsible for movement.
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Involuntary Muscle
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(smooth muscle) muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled. Found in the gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels, and urinary system; controls the flow of materials through these structures. They will respond to stimuli such as stretching, heat and cold.
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Cardiac Muscle
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specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart, and is extremely sensitive to decreased oxygen supply and can tolerate interruption of blood supply for only very short periods. The heart also has a property called automaticity.
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Automaticity
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the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
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