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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is musculoskeletal trauma? |
Excessive stress to the supporting body tissue may result in physical damage |
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What are the stages of healing? (4) |
Bleeding
Inflammation
Fibroblasts
Remodeling |
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Bleeding stage of healing is either: (2) |
Short lived phase (minutes to hours)
Longer bleeding as muscles have greater vascular tissues than does ligaments |
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Stages of inflammation (4) |
Rapid onset and swiftly increases in magnitude
Maximal reaction 2 - 3 days following trauma
Gradually resolves over weeks
Vascular and cellular cascades to creat inflammatory response |
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Why can inflammation be a bad thing? |
Chemical mediators alter capillary permeability
Edema fills surrounding area increasing hypoxia and cell death
No true tissue repair or regeneration can occur until inflammatory phase stops
Chronic inflammation slows down healing |
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What is Fibroplasts-Proliferation-Repair? |
Generation of repair material through scar material
starts 2nd or 3rd day and reaches peak at 2 - 3 weeks
Slows at 3 weeks but continues |
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What is the "race" between in repair?
What usually wins the race? |
Scar tissue and regeneration of original tissue
Scar tissue but original tissue regeneration can be enhanced by therapy |
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What is remodeling / maturation of tissue? |
Organization and reformation of scar tissue to create a functional scar that nehaves as parent tissue would
starts at 1 - 2 weeks for one year
Stress the scar in functional movements to realign and replace |
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Causes of musculoskeletal injuries (3) |
Excessive internal or external loading beyond capacity of tissue
External loading - stresses from outside applied to tissue
Internal loading - strains within the body tissues as a result of external loading |
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Loading of tissues may be in the form of (2) |
marotrauma or microtrauma
Difference is the magnitude of stresses and frequency of application and yield point of the respective tissues |
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No injuries occur below what? |
The yield point; which can be affected by many factors |
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What is acute macrotrauma? (4) |
Single large load
Sudden application
Fracture / dislocation / sprain / strain
Contusion / nerve damage |
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What is overuse microtrauma? |
Smaller loads that individually applied cause no damage
Repetetive or cumulative beyond the bodies abilities to repair
Tendinopathy/bursitis/stress fracture |
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What are the 3 main loading characteristics? |
Tension
Compression
Shear |
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What are Yield Points? |
All connective tissue within the body have a specific yield beyond which physical damage begins to occur
bone-ligaments-tendon-cartilage-fascia-sheaths-nerve-muscle tissue |
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Loading Characteristics (3) |
Elongation - take up the slack
Yield Point
Failure Point - micro or macro damage
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What is the elastic range of tissue? |
It deforms readily and returns to original shape |
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What is the Yeild point of tissue characteristics? |
Rapid stiffening and fiber seperation |
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What is the plastic range? |
Tissue failure if stretched to this point, permanent deformation |
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Musculoskeletal tissues are rate dependent. What are the characteristics of Slow prolonged - creep phenomenon? |
Tissue stretches and undergoes elongation |
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Musculoskeletal tissues are rate dependent. When is Intermittent hypertrophy seen? |
Weight training |
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Rate dependent MSK injuries rate dependent injury where greater loads lead to failure |
Rapidly applied - stored kinetic energy and visco-elastic property of tissue |
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Prevention of injury involves understanding and planning of what? (7) |
Preperation Training Practice Energy Systems MSK system Specific exercise Functional exercise |
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In regards to injuries, as a therapist you just want to (blank) because you can't make an injury (blank) |
minimize complications, setbacks
heal faster than the natural process |
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Healing of MSK injuries depends on: (5) |
Stresses applied (good and bad)
Nutrition supplied
Rest - but not too much
Infection, disease, sickness
Persistent inflammatory response (chronic) |
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Time to heal injuries of skin, muslce, tendon/ligament |
2 - 3
4 - 6
6 - 8 |
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Time to heal injuries of bone and nerve? |
12 - 16
12 - 18 |
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Goal for bleeding / inflammation: (3) |
Pain control - ice
Stop bleeding - direct pressure / compression
Reduce inflammation - elevation, ice |
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What is the goal for repair? (6) |
Restore / maintain ROM Strengthening (scar tissue only 35% strong as normal) Functional exercises Re-vascular (oxygen for collagen production and reinnervate for proprioception Heat and massage started Manage Scarring |
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why do you not want to completely restrict activity? (2) |
A cast can decrease strength of tissues
Some bones and tissue have poor blood flow already, must optimize blood flow for healing |
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Goal for remodeling over 1 year (3, 6, and 12 months) (2) |
3 months - 65%
6 - 80%
1 year - 100%
Perform functional activities to minimize / realign scar tissue |
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How to recognize fractures (7) |
Gross deformity Point bone tenderness Compression / traction signs Gross swelling and ecchymosis (bruising) Loud crack MOI X-ray |
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Management of MSK injuries includes (5) and do not do what? (1) |
Recognition Splint RICE Treat shock Deal with open wounds
Do not reduce |
