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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
carry blood from the heart to capillaries
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Arteries
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the only part of the vessel in contact with blood,"", made of endothelium
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Tunica intima
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the peptide that stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle, a vasoconstrictor
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Endothelin
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the middle layer, made of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
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Tunica media
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very strong, to prevent bursting of large arteries under high pressure
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Tunica externa
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smaller than arteries, but bigger than capillaries
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Arterioles
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smaller veins are called
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Venules
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direct connection between arteries and veins, resemble network of highways and side streets
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Anastomoes
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blood flow through capillaries is regulated by these smooth muscle cells at the beginning of each network
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Precapillary sphincter
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larger, more permeable capillaries that permit large substances like proteins and blood cells to enter and leave the blood
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Sinusoids
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when the arteries loose their elasticity and their walls become weakened
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Arteriosclerosis
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a weak part of the arterial wall may bulge out
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Aneurysm
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the abnormal accumulation of lipids and other materials in the walls of arteries, narrows the lumen
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Atherosclerosis
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inflammation of a vein
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Phlebitis
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swollen and distended vein
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Varicose veins
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varicose veins of the anal canal
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hemorrhoids
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movement of gasses from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
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Diffusion
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forces plasma and other dissolved nutrients out of the capillaries and into the tissue fluid
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Filtration
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the force exerted by the presence of protein in a solution; water will move by osmosis to the area of greater protein concentration
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Colloid osmotic pressure
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circulation that begins at the right ventricle
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Pulmonary
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circulation which begins at the left ventricle
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Systemic
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a "circle" of arteries around the pituitary gland
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Circle of Willis
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blood from the abdominal digestive organs and spleen circulates through the liver before returning to the heart
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Hepatic portal circulation
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site of exchange between the fetus and mother
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Placenta
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carry blood from the fetus to the placenta
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Umbilical arteries
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carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
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Umbilical vein
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a short fetal blood vessel that takes blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
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Ductus venosus
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an opening in the internal septum of the fetal heart that permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the fetal lungs
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Foramen ovale
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a short fetal blood vessel that takes most blood in the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs
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Ductus arteriosus
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inversely related to the cross-sectional area of the particular segment of the vascular system
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Velocity
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part of the vascular system with the greatest cross sectional area
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velocity is slowest
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one minute of less
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circulation time
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the amount of blood that returns to the heart by way of the veins
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Venous return
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effective for promoting venous return of the deep veins of the leg
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skeletal muscle pump
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uses the pumping action of the chest to promote venous return
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respiratory pump
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if heart rate and force increase, BP increases
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Heart rate and force
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the resistance the vessels offer to the flow of blood
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Peripheral resistance
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when the left ventricle contracts, the blood that enters the large arteries stretches the arteries' walls
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Elasticity of the large arteries
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depends on the presence of red blood cells and plasma proteins, especially albumin
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Viscosity of blood
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a temporary drop in the blood pressure followed by rapid heart rate and greater vasoconstriction
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Loss of blood
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secrets norepinephrine and epinephrine
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Adrenal medulla
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ADH increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys to prevent further water loss in urine
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from the pituitary gland
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aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys, water follows sodium back to the blood
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Adrenal cortex
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ANP increases the excretion of sodium ions and water by the kidneys
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secreted by the atria
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when venous return increases, cardiac muscles fibers are stretched and the ventricles pump more forcefully
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Starling's Law
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when blood flow through the kidneys decreases
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the process of filtration decreases and less urine is formed
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when BP decreases, the kidneys secrete this enzyme
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renin
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causes vasoconstriction and stimulates secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
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angiostensin II
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in the medulla, consists of a vasoconstrictor area and a vasodilator area
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vasomotor center
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innervate the smooth muscle of all arteries and veins, and several impulses per second along these fibers maintain normal vasoconstriction
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sympathetic vasoconstrictors
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shock related to a severe heart attack
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cardiogenic
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shock due to decreased blood volume
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hypovolemic
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shock due to a massive allergic reaction
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anaphylactic
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responses by the body that maintain cardiac output
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compensated shock
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the state of shock that leads to more shock
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progressive
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no amount of medical assistance can restore cardiac output
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irreversible
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