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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arkhaiologia |
-The study of Ancient Things. -Discourse of the past. |
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Anthropology |
-Comprehensive study of humans and their culture |
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4 Subfields |
-Archeology: Examines peoples and cultures of the past. -Cultural Anthropology: Studies human societies and elements of cultural life (Present Society) -Linguistic Anthropology: A concentration of cultural anthropology that focuses on language. -Physical Anthropology: Biological aspects of humans. |
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Archbishop James Ussher |
-1581-1656 -Calculated that the earth been created in 4004 B.C. -The night preceding OCT. 23rd. -All knowledge reconciled with the Bible. |
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Jacques de Perthes |
-1788-1868 -Discovered handaxes, flint objects -Neanderthal Skull -Theorized long history of mankind |
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Carolus Linnaeus |
-"Father of Ecology" -designed a system of naming plants/animals -2 kingdoms [Planter & Animalia] - Developed the 7-level taxa system [TAXONOMY] |
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Charles Darwin |
-"On the Origin of Species" [Natural Selection] -Natural selection and evolution theories caused archaeologists to think ab where findings and sites fit into the timeline. -ALL LIFE: strong believer in {ONLY the fittest survive} |
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CJ Thomsen |
-Found stone bronze and iron tools |
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EB Taylor |
-Primitive Communication (Based on observing Native Americans) |
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Absolute Dating |
-Assigns a numerical date to a past event. |
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Relative Dating |
-Sequence of events. -Assigns order of events as older-than or younger-than. |
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Archaeologists have as their focus.... |
-Remains of human behavior |
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Archaeologists must make interpretations about the past based on artifacts which are.... |
-Any object manufactured by a human or human ancestor. |
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Index fossils are used for? Archaeological examples... |
-Index fossils are used for cross dating sites -[EX] Oldawon Tool -[EX] Auchuelean -[EX] Flake Tools |
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Social Darwinism |
-Theory that individuals and groups are subject to the dame Darwinian Laws of natural selection as plants and animals. |
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Unilinear Evolution |
-No longer accepted view that all cultures change or evolve along the same pathway |
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14C is an isotope that is used to date.... |
-40 - 40,000 years ago -dating organic matter -radioactive isotope [radiocarbon dating] |
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The hominid(s) thought to be a parent stock of to modern humans is.... |
-Africanus & Australopithecus |
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A place at which the material remains of human activity are found is called |
-An archaeological site |
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Miocene |
-25-5 mya -Cooling-drying, grasses -Age of Apes |
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Pliocene |
-5.2.5 mya -Cooling-drying, Artic Antartic Ice Sheets Advance, Rainforest decline. -Age of Mammals
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Characteristics of K-Ar dating |
-Igneous rock -radioactive -200,000 years ago |
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The fossil Lucy is considered to be the species... |
-Afaresasis |
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The immediate ancestor to A. Africanus and A. Garhi seems to be.... |
-Australopitheans Afarensis |
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Louis and Mary Leakey discovered a stone tool technology that is considered to be the oldest in East Africa; this tool assemblage is referred to as... |
-Oldawon Tool Kit
-Sharp rock served as chopping tool |
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Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is known as... |
-The Origin of Species [Natural Selection] |
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The characteristic possessed by our ancestors that enabled them to survive the dislocations wrought by the end of the Miocene was their ability to.... |
-Bipedalism -Walk on 2 legs |
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The end result of a vegan diet is a sagittal crest, which species possessed one? |
-Robustus Bosei - Species of Austopithecense |
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A proposed explanation for some phenomenon is called a... |
-Hypothesis |
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Carbon dating and potassium/argon dating techniques are based on the process of... |
-Radiometric dating using isotopes |
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Sahelanthropus Tachadensis |
-Age: 7-6 mya -Unlike a chimp, flat face, bipedal, resembles modern human configuration -Earliest known hominid -Discovered in Djurab, desert of Chad. |
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Orrion Tugenesis |
-Age: 5.7-6.1 mya -13 fossils, 5 individuals -Molars smaller than Australopithecines -Limb bones 1.5x larger than lucys -Discovered in Kenya |
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Ardipithecus Ramidus |
-Age: 5.2-5.8 mya -Bipedal in trees and palm walker -Neither human nor chimp -Late Miocene -Discovered in Middle Awash River Valley of Ethiopia |
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Australopithecus Afarensis |
-Age: 4-3 mya -Lucy. Most closely related to humans -Apelike face, low forehead, bony ridge, flat nose, no chin. -Discovered in Hadar, Ethiopia (EA) |
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Kenyanthropus Platyops |
-Age: 3-4 mya -Lucy's sis -Homohabilis, small ear holes, flat face, molars -Discovered in Kenya |
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Australopithecus Africanus |
-Age: 3-2 mya -Parent Stock for all Hominids -Body, brain, jaw, and teeth larger than Afarensis -Discovered in Taung |
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Australopithecus Robustus |
-Age: 2.2-1 mya -Vegan with sagittal crest & associated with limestone -Bipedal, Brain Bigger than Africanus -Discovered in South Africa |
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Australopithecus Boisei |
-Age: 2.2-1.4 mya -Louis and Mary found it -Separate species status -Discovered in East African Rift Valley |
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Australopithecus Garhi |
-Age: 2.4mya -Direct association w/ stone tools -Discovered in East Africa |
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Are you a hominoid or a hominid? |
-Hominoid: Have smaller brains. They are Quadrupeds, walking on all fours but they have flexible forelimbs. [APES] -Hominid: Upright posture, bipedal locomotion. [HUMANS] |
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Types of habitation sites and special purpose sites |
-Habitation Sites: Where people are living. Open-air sites (Along shores in the open) Cave and rock shelters; where you live. -Kill site: Where animals are killed, stone tools -Quarry Sites: Where they went to get raw materials for stone tools |
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Principal of Association |
-Things found together, especially deposited in same stratigraphic place. - If they are found together, they are most likely going to date together. |
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What are students who move a lot of dirt in archaeological sites are nicknamed.. |
-Backos |
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Superposition |
-Geographic Sequence -a principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed |
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Uniformitarianism |
- same as the past, water ran down today, ran down tomorrow. -Present is the key to the past. |
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Radiometric |
-Rate of decay of radioactive isotopes. Half-life techniques |
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Dendrochronology |
-Dating based on looking at tree rings -Tree dating |
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Paleomagnetism |
- Magnetic field of earth fluctuates, used with igneous rock. -Led to the theory of continental drift and its transformation into plate tectonics |
