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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between a gene and an allele |
A gene is a section of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a version of a gene |
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Characters vs traits |
Characters are attributes like hair or eye color Traits are alternative forms of characters like blonde or brown hair |
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Heredity |
The tendency for traits to pass from parent to offspring |
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Homologous chromosomes |
A single chromosome derived from mother or father with genes in a specific loci |
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Homozygous vs heterozygous |
Homozygous has the same alleles in the specific locus (AA, aa) Heterozygous has two different alleles in the specific locus (Aa) |
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Phenotype vs genotype |
Phenotype is an individual's observable traits Genotype is an individuals actual genetic makeup which includes recessive traits not being expressed |
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What are the 4 features of life |
Evolution, Inheritance and reproduction, Metabolism, and Diversity |
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Inheritance |
Passing information to the next generation. For humans, info is in sperm and egg cells |
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Reproduction |
1. Dna is copied 2. Cells divide and each cell recieves a copy of the dna |
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Meiosis vs mitosis |
Meiosis is sexual reproduction that guarantees genetic diversity between generations.
Mitosis is asexual reproduction that produces genetically identical offspring |
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Gametes |
Reproductive cells
Haploid (1n)-contain 23 chromosomes
Female- ova Male-sperm |
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Somatic cells |
Any cells other than reproductive cells. Diploid (2n): contains 46 chromosomes |
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How are gametes formed? |
Through meiosis |
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Evolutionary consequences of sexual reproduction |
1. Creates new genetic combos that lead to new adaptations 2. Favorable adaptations undergo natural selection |
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Evolution occurs when... |
The frequency of alleles changes in a population over time |
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Darwin's theory |
1. Individuals in a population vary from one another 2. Variation is inherited 3. And every population many offspring died before reaching maturity |
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Natural selection versus artificial selection |
Natural selection leads to traits selected based on environmental pressures Artificial selection leads to traits selected by humans |
