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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Schlieffen Plan
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- Military plan that called for Germany to attack and quickly defeat France while the cumbersome Russian army mobilized
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Western Front
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- Complex system of trenches and earthworks that ran for 460 miles from the North Sea toSwitzerland that pitted Germany against Belgium, France, Britain, and theUnited States (takes US involvement to break the deadlock and help France)
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Lusitania
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- British passenger ship sunk by German U-boat on May 7, 1915, an attack that killed1,198 passengers, including 128 Americans (major factor for American outragebecause of the brutality of the event- killing innocent people rather than sparselycrewed shipping boats- the Germans are barbaric,less than human)- 2 years before US enters war
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Zimmerman Telegram
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- German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman offeredto help Mexico recover Texas, New Mexico and Arizona if Mexico would start a borderlandwar with the US and ask Japan to join them. Meant to make it difficult for theUS to help France in the war. Mexicans thought this was a stupid plan. Telegramis uncovered- enrages US, forces US into war with Germany.
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Fourteen Points
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- Speech by Woodrow Wilson to Congress on January 8, 1918, that outlined a postwar world dominated by democracy, free trade, disarmament, self-determination, resolved territorial disputes in Europe, and a League of Nations to mediate future international crises. - Became the framework for the Treaty of Versailles |
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19th Amendment
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- Granted women the right to vote - Ratified August 26, 1920 |
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Committee on Public Information
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- Gov't agency that controlled the flow of information that shaped public opinion about the war with posters, Four-Minute Men, pamphlets, and films - PROPAGANDA |
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Espionage Act (1917)
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- Made it a crime to obstruct military recruitment, to encourage mutiny, or to aid the enemy by spreading lies
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Sedition Act (1918)
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- Went even further than the Espionage Act by prohibiting anyone from uttering, writing, or publishing "any abusive or disloyal language" concerning the flag, constitution, gov't, or armed forces
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- Lethal flu virus (not from the Spanish; most likely from the mobilization of millions of troops) that killed millions worldwide in 1918
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Versailles Peace Treaty
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- Controversial treaty that ended WWI by requiring Germany to pay reparations and disarm
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League of Nations |
- International collective security org composed of member nations where member nations agreed to mediate future international disputes to prevent wars and work together to improve global human conditions - US president can't join because the Senate votes NO |
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18th Amendment (1919)
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- Banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of intoxicating liquors
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21st Amendment (1933)
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- Repealed the 18th amendment
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Immigration Act 1924 |
- Allowed unrestricted immigration from the Western Hemisphere, curtailed all Asian immigration, and used quotas to control how many immigrants came from individual European nations
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First Red Scare (1919-1920)
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- Period when the Justice Dep. arrested and deported alien anarchists and Communists suspected of trying to destroy American democracy and capitalism
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Fundamentalism
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- Evangelical Christian theory that viewed the Bible as an authentic, literal recounting of historical events and the absolute moral word of God - Supported by the CONSERVATIVE COUNTRYSIDE |
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Modernism
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- Liberal Christian theology embraced in many urban areas that emphasized the ongoing revelation of divine truth - Supported by the URBAN IMMIGRANT/INTERRACIAL |
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Harlem Renaissance |
- Outpouring of African American artistic expression in the 1920s and 1930s
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UNIA
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- Org founded by Marcus Garvey to spread his message of racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and returning to Africa - Largest black org at this time |
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Washington Conference (1921-1922)
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- Meeting of world powers that resulted in agreements that limited naval arms, reaffirmed America's Open Door policy, and secured pledges of cooperation among the world's leading military powers
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Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
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- Treaty that renounced aggressive war as an instrument of national policy
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Stock Market Crash of 1929
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- 10 day period beginning on October 20, 1929, when the value of stocks plummeted as panicked investors sold off their stock in droves - Considered the official start of the Great Depression |
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Bonus March
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- 2 month-long demonstration by 40,000 impoverished WWI veterans in Washington, D.C., that ended violently when the army expelled the protesters
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New Deal
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- Avalanche of legislation from 1933 to 1938 intended to promote economic recovery, reform American capitalism, and offer security to ordinary Americans. |
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Dust Bowl
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- Drought and soil erosion caused massive dust storms across southern plains states throughout the 1930s
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"Migrant Mother"
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- Dorothea Lange's 1936 photograph of a destitute woman, which became an iconic portrait of Depression-era suffering - Mary and baby Jesus resemblance |
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Share our wealth
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-Louisiana Senator Huey Long's plan to redistribute money from the rich to the poor
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American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
- Craft-based org. that accepted only skilled workers, like carpenters or cigar makers, who practiced a trade |
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) |
- Brand new type of labor org that organized workers within an entire industry rather than by their trade orientation
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Sit-down Strike
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- Workers occupy a factory to paralyze production lines and prevent strikebreakers or management from entering the building |
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New Deal coalition |
- Political partnership formed in the mid 1930s among liberals, trade unionists, Catholics, and northern blacks that redrew the nation's political map |
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Non-interventionists
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- Those urging the nation to stay out of overseas conflicts
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Interventionists
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- Those advocating direct engagement in overseas conflicts
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Neutrality Acts
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- Series of laws from 1935 to 1939 which restricted arms sales, loans, and transport of goods with nations at war
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"Cash and Carry"
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- Policy that required belligerent nations to pay cash for goods and transport them on their own ships
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Munich Conference (1938)
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- Hoping to avoid war, Britain and France agreed to let Germany occupy the Sudetenland, a German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia
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Axis
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- Name for nations fighting the Allies, including Germany, Italy and Japan
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Allies (WWII)
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- Name for powers fighting Germany, eventually including the US, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union
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Lend-Lease
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- Policy that circumvented "cash and carry" by loaning rather than selling arms to the Allies |
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Pearl Harbor |
- A U.S. naval base in Hawaii that the Japanese attacked on December 7, 1941 |
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Internment Camps
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- Camps in the U.S. that held people of Japanese descent under armed guard in isolated areas |
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Manhattan Project |
- Code-named secret U.S. gov't research program to produce the atomic bomb |
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"Long Telegram" |
- Influential 5,000-word missive by diplomat George F. Kennan that outlined why American needed to develop an aggressive foreign policy aimed at containing Soviet expansionist impulses |
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Containment |
- Label affixed to multiple American foreign policy initiatives meant to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding its influence around the globe |
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Iron Curtain
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- Winston Churchill's characterization of the military and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union that separated Western and Eastern Europe into free and dominated halves |
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NATO
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- Post WWII military alliance between the US and Western European powers
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Truman Doctrine
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- Foreign policy initiative that gave the U.S. an active role in stopping the global spread of communism by supporting "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures" |
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Marshall Plan (1948-1952) |
Aimed to restore European's faith in capitalism by sending $13 billion ($119 billion in today's dollars) overseas to rebuild Europe's ruined roads, bridges, factories and farms |
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Berlin airlift (1948-1949) |
- Americans and British used planes to resupply West Berlin to stymie the Soviet blockade of the city
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McCarthyism
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- Gov't's anti-communist crusade named for Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin, who, along with the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), spearheaded numerous governmental investigations into communist activities, many of them spurious |
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Bay of Pigs operation (1961) |
- Failed attempt to use an amphibious invasion by Cuban exiles to overthrow the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro
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Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) |
- Showdown between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over Khrushchev's decision to place Soviet missiles aimed at America in Communist Cuba
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