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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the spinal cord located?
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Continuation of the medulla oblongata which exits the cranium through the foramen magnum.
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What part of the vertebral canal does the spinal cord rest in?
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From the C1 vertebrae to approximately the L2 vertebrae in the adult.
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What area is the site of epidural injections?
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Between the verebrae and the dura mater where fat is located.
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What area is the site of spinal taps?
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Between the arachnoid and the pia mater where cerebrospinal fluid is located.
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How many pairs of nerves come off of the spinal cord?
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Thirty one.
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Where is gray matter located in the spinal cord?
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The central region.
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What is contained in the gray matter of the spinal cord?
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Synapses and cell bodies of neurons.
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Which areas of the spinal cord contain lateral horns?
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Only found in the thoracic and upper lumbar and sacral segments.
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What functions are controled by the lateral horn in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions?
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Sympathetic.
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What functions are controlled by the lateral horns in the sacral segements?
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Parasympathetic.
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Where is white matter found in the spinal cord?
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Area surrounding the gray matter.
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What does the white matter in the spinal cord contain?
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Contains the myelinated axons carrying information from the brain to the spinal cord, and from the spinal cord to the brain.
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What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about vibration?
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Posterior Column
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What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about proprioception?
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Posterior column
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What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about discriminated touch?
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Posterior column.
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What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about pain?
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Lateral column and anterior column.
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What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about temperature?
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Lateral column and anterior column.
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What part of the column is pertinent to voluntary motor information?
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Lateral column.
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What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about crude touch?
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Lateral column and anterior column.
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What part of the column is pertinent to involuntary motor information?
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Anterior column.
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What is contained in the dorsal root?
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Axons of all afferent neurons, somatic and autonomic, that are entering the spinal cord at that level.
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What is the dorsal root ganglion?
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A swelling in the dorsal root that contains the cell bodies for the afferent neurons.
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What is the classification of afferent neurons?
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They are unipolar.
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What is contained in the ventral root?
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Contains the axons of all efferent neurons, somatic and autonomic, that are exiting the spinal cord at that level.
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What makes up the spinal nerve?
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Formed by the union of the dorsal roots and the ventral roots as they go through the interverebral foramen of the vertebral column.
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What is the purpose of the Anterolateral Spinothalamic Tract?
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Carries sensory information from the spinal cord to the thalamus and cerebrum.
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Where is the Anterolateral spinothalamic tract found?
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One portion of the tract is found in the anterior column and the other portion in the lateral column. Their pathways are similar.
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What tract is responsible for pain and temperature?
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Anterolateral spinothalamic tract.
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What is the anatomical pathway of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
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First order neuron (afferent neuron), Second order neuron (internuncial neuron), and the third order neuron (Internuncial neuron).
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What kind of receptors does the first order neuron have in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
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Free nerve ending receptors.
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Where does the dendrite send sensory information in the first order neuron of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
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The dendrite sends the sensory information to the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion.
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Where does the first order neuron send information to in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
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Synapses onto second order neuron in the dorsal horn.
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Where does the second order neuron send information to in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
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Axon immediately crosses to the opposite side of the spinal cord and then ascends in the anterior or lateral spinothalamic tract to the thalamus. Synapses onto the third order neuron.
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Where does the third order neuron send information to in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
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Axon ascends through the internal capsule to the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe for inegration.
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Lesions which include only the left or the right anterolateral spinothalamic tract, thalamus or cerebral hemisphere will result in what?
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Sensory deficit on the contralateral side of the body.
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Lesions which include only the afferent neuron, first neuron of the pathway of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract, will result in what?
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Sensory defict on the ipsilateral side of the body.
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What causes phantom sensation?
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Swelling and scar tissue at the amputation site which places pressure on the peripheral nerve containing those neurons that previously supplied sensory information.
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What are the two parts of the Dorsal Column Tract?
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Fasciculus gracilis and faciculus cuneatus.
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What tract carries proprioception?
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Dorsal column tract.
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What tract carries discriminative touch?
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Dorsal column tract.
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What tract carries vibration?
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Dorsal column tract.
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What carries information from the lower half of the body in the dorsal column tract?
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Fasciculus Gracilis.
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What carries information from the upper half of the body in the dorsal column tract?
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Fasciculus Cuneatus.
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What tract carries motor information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord?
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Anterolateral Cortisospinal Tract.
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What tract is spefically for voluntary motor?
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Anterolateral corticospinal tract.
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What is the anatomical pathway of the anterolateral corticospinal tract?
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Lateral portion of the tract, two neuron pathway, upper and lower motor neuron.
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What kind of neuron is the Upper Motor Neuron?
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Internuncial neuron.
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Where is the upper motor neuron located?
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Cell body and dendrites located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
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Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron go from the precentral gyrus?
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Descends through the internal capsule to the medulla oblongata.
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Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron go after it reaches the medulla oblongata?
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Axon crosses to the contralateral side of the medulla oblongata and then continues to descend into the spinal cord in the lateral column.
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Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron go after it travels down the lateral column of the spinal cord?
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It synapses onto the lower motor neuron in the ventral horn of the spinal cord at level of exit.
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What kind of neuron is the lower motor neuron?
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Efferent neuron.
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Where does the lower motor neuron exit?
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Axon exits the spinal cord through the ventral root and goes to it effector muscle.
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What is the result of lesions in the anterolateral corticospinal tract superior to the medulla oblongata?
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Will result in motor deficit contralateral to the lesion.
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What is the result of lesions in the anterolateral corticospnal tract inferior to the medulla oblongata?
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Results in motor deficit ipsilateral to the lesion.
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What is the difference between lesions in the upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron?
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The ability for reflexes to continue without any suppression in the upper motor neuron lesions while in lower motor neuron lesions the reflex arc is completely disrupted.
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What is Decussation?
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Tract that crosses in medulla.
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