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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic
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Eukaryotic
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Are fungi photosynthetic
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No
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What percent of fungi are saprophytes? What are the remaining percent?
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98% Saprophytes
2& Opportunistic pathogens |
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How are fungi classified?
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Classified by sexual reproduction
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What is the optimal pH for fungi
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pH 5-6
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How are fungi used in industries? (include organism & chemical equation)
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae "Baker's yeast"
Glucose > Pyruvate > Alcohol + CO2 |
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Describe molds
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-Septate or Non-septate
-Mycelium = fuzzy colony -Multicellular |
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Describe a true yeast (types of spores, give example)
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-Sexual spores (ie. Ascospores)
-Asexual spores (ie. blastospores) -(ie.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
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Describe a false yeast (types of spores, give example)
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-No sexual spores
-Blastospores or Buds -Candida albican |
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Describe dimorphism (include whether this is a change in phenotype or genotype)
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-2 Structures: Mold phase (25C) and Yeast phase (37C)
-Most common pathogenic fungi -Change in phenotype |
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Describe Zygomycota (include type of spores, hyphae, type of infection, example)
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-Sex: Zygospores
-Asex: Sporangiospores -Non septate -Rhizopus nigrican -Saprophytes -Respiratory infections |
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Describe Ascomycota (include types of spores, hyphae)
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-Septate hyphae
-Sex: Ascospores -Asex: Mold = conidiospores, True yeast = Blastospores |
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Describe Aspergillus niger (include Phylum, type of infection)
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Ascomycota
-Opportunistic pathogen -Respiratory infection |
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Describe Aspergillus fumigatus (include Phylum, type of infection, color)
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Ascomycota
-Respiratory infection -Black |
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Describe Aspergillus flavus (include Phylum, color, commonly found, toxin)
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Ascomycota
-Yellow mold -Cereal, peanut, grains -Aflatoxin: inhibits protein synthesis |
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Describe Basidiomycota (include types of spores, hyphae, example)
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-Sex: Basidiospores
-Asex: Conidiospores -Septate -(ie) mushroom + puff ball -Gills of mushroom: basidium > basidiospores |
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Describe Deuteromcota (include types of spores, hyphae, examples)
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Fungi imperfecta
-Septate -No sexual spores -Taxonomic dump heap -Majority of all pathogen -(ie.) Candida albicans (false yeast); Coccidiodes immitis (valley fever) |
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Are protozoans unicellular or multicellular
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Unicellular
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Are protozoans prokaryotic or eukaryotic
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Eukaryotic
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What are the 2 forms of protozoans
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Trophozoite & cyst form
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Do protozoans have a cell wall?
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No
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What is the role of protozoans in nature
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98% Saprophytes
2% Opportunistic + True pathogens |
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Describe the trophozoite form of protozoans
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-Veg. form
-Active -Causes disease symptoms -All types of protozoans have it |
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Describe the cyst form of protozoans
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-Optional form
-Resistant/ dormant structure (years in nature) -Optimal condition = germinates into trophozoites -Adverse condition = cyst form -Transmission of disease |
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Describe a Pellicle
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-Extension of cell membrane
-Prevents osmotic shock |
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Describe a contractile vacuole
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-Removes water
-Prevents osmotic shock |
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Describe a Macronucleus (include function)
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-All types have it
-Func: controls cellular activity and asexual reproduction (mitosis) |
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Describe a Micronucleus (include function)
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-Optional nucleus
-Func: sexual reproduction |
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Describe the 2 types of cytoplasm in protozoans
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Ectoplasm: water-like, moves quick
Endoplasm: honey-like, contains organelles |
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List the types of reproduction (both sexual and asexual) done by protozoans
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Asexual (3-types): Fission, budding, schizogony)
Sexual (mixing of genes): Conjugation and Gametes |
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Describe fission (include type of reproduction)
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Asexual reproduction
-Equal division of cytoplasm, followed by mitosis (equal division of chromosomes) |
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Describe budding (include type of reproduction)
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Asexual reproduction
-Unequal division of cytoplasm, followed by mitosis |
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Describe schizogony (include type of reproduction, and example)
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Asexual reproduction
-Multiple, but equal division of cytoplasm, followed by many mitotic division (ie. malaria) |
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Describe conjugation (include type of reproduction)
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Sexual reproduction
-Mixing of genes from the fusion of 2 micronucleus from 2 different cells |
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Describe gametes (include type of reproduction, and what forms with the fusion of these cells)
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Sexual reproduction
-Reproductive cell of a male & female -Formation of a zygote through the process of fertilization |
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Give an example of a mutualistic relationship of protozoans and humans (include definition and organism)
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Both benefits
-(ie.) Entamoeba coli = makes vitamin B complex |
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Give an example of a commensalistic relationship of protozoans and humans (include definition and organism)
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1 benefits, 1 is unaffected
-(ie.) Entamoeba gingivalis = in mouth |
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Give an example of a parasitic relationship of protozoans and humans (include definition and organism)
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1 benefits, 1 is harmed
-(ie.) Entamoeba histolytica = amoebic dysentery |
