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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific Method
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Empirical approach
Skeptical attitude |
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Gautama Buddha
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Thought
Emotion Behavior |
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Aristotle
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Nature of human beings
Behavior |
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Alhazen
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Optics and light
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Alhanen's method
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State problem
Test using experimentation Interpret using math Publish |
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Francis Bacon
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Father of Empiricism
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Baconian method
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Phenomenon observed
Not observed Observed to varying degrees |
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Inductive reasoning
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Specific facts to general conclusions
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Descartes
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Dualism
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Dualism
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The mind and body are separate and operate on different principles
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Helmholtz
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Speed of nerve transmission
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Weber
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Weight perception and just noticeable difference
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Fechner
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Psychophysics
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Wilhelm Wundt
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First psychology lab
University of Leipzig |
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William James
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First American Psychologist
Harvard University First psychology lab in U.S. Mental processes |
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Sigmund Freud
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University of Vienna
The Interpretation of Dreams |
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Titchener
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Structuralism
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Structuralism
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Break down mental processes into elementary components
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Dewey
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Functionalism
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Functionalism
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Mental processes and behavior are continuous, ongoing events
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Gestalt Psychology
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Perception of wholes, not sum of parts
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Behaviorism
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Watson
Skinner |
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Cognition
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Chomsky
Neisser |
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Ethnocentrism
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Trying to understand another culture through the framework or views of our own culture
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Kohlberg
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Six-stage theory
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Illusory Correlation
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Perception of a relationship that doesn't exist
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Theory
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Organizes facts and descriptions into a logically consistent framework
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Superstition
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Interpreting random events as nonrandom
Magical thinking |
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Intuition
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Knowledge that comes from reason alone
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Authority
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Beliefs of an authority are accepted
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Tenacity
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Sticking to an initial belief even with substantial evidence to the contrary
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Festinger
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
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Inconsistencies between attitude and behavior
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Bem
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Self-perception theory
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Self-Perception theory
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Learn motives by evaluating out behavior
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Casual Observation
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Observation that is not systematic or objective
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Environmental IV
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Changes in physical or social environment
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Instructional IV
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Changes in verbal instruction
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Invasive IV
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Physical changes to participant's body
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Behavioral DV
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Record actual behavior
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Physiological DV
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Monitor bodily functions
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Self-Report DV
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Participants divulge information
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Operational Definition
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Defining a construct by specifying how it is measured
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Nominal
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Values differ in quality not quantity
Order not implied |
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Ordinal
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Ranking order
Intervals not known |
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Interval
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Equal interval size
Can't form ratios of scale values |
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Ratio
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Equal interval size
Can form ratios |
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Observed score
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Score recorded for the participant
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True score
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score if our measure were perfect
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Measurement error
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Deviation from the true score
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Measurement
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Observed Score = True score + Measurement error
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Cronbach's alpha
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Correlation of each item with every other item
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Validity
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Extent to which a measure reflects what it is intended to measure
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