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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rate of reaction
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the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time
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Overall order of reaction
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is the sum of the individual orders, m+n
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The rate constant, k,
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is the constant that links the rate of reaction with the concentrations of the reactants raised to the powers of their orders in the rate equation
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The half life of a reactant
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is the time taken for the concentration of the reactant to reduce by half
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The rate determining step
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is the slowest step in the reaction mechanism of a multi step reaction
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Lattice enthalpy
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is the enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of an ionic compound from its gaseous ions under standard conditions
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Standard enthalpy change of solution
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is the enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is completely dissolved in water under standard conditions
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Standard enthalpy change of hydration
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is the enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of isolated gaseous ions is dissolved in water forms one mole of aqueous ions under standard conditions
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Entropy
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is the quantitative measure of the degree of disorder in a system
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Redox reaction
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Both oxidation and reduction take place
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Oxidation
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loss of electrons, increase in oxidation number
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Reduction
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gain of electrons, decrease in oxidation number
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Oxidising agent
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The substance that is reduced - takes electrons from the substance that is oxidised
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Reducing agent
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The substance that is oxidised - gives electrons to the substance that is reduced
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Standard electrode potential of a half cell
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the e.m.f of a half cell compared with a standard hydrogen half cell, measured at 298K with solution concentrations of 1 mol dm^-3 and a gas pressure of 100 kPa (1 atm)
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A ligand
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is a molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons with the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond
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A complex ion
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is a transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds
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The coordination number
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is the total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands
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Bronsted-Lowry acid
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a proton, H+ donor
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Bronsted-Lowry base
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a proton, H+, acceptor
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An alkali
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is a base that dissolves in water forming OH- aq ions
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An acid-base pair
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is a pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton
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A strong acid
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is an acid that completely dissociates in solution
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A weak acid
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is an acid that partially dissociates in solution
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Ionic product of water
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state equation, 25 deg. C, Kw = 1.00 x 10^-14 mol^2 dm^-6
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A buffer solution
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is a mixture that minimises pH changes on addition of small amounts of acid or base
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Enthalpy change of neutralisation
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the energy change that accompanies the neutralisation of an aqueous acid by an aqueous base to form one mole of H2O under standard conditions
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The free energy change
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is the balance between enthalpy, entropy and temperature for a process.
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Transition element
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a d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub shell
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Ligand substitution
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is a reaction in which one ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand
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Stability constant
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is the equilibrium constant for an equilibrium existing between a transition metal ion surrounded by water ligands and the complex formed when the same ion has undergone ligand substitution
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