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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the initial thyroid precursor? Source? |
Thyroid Diverticulum - arises from floor of primitive pharynx
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What happens to the Thyroid Diverticulum? What is it connected to?
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- Descends into neck from origin in floor of primitive pharynx |
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How is the Thyroid initially connected to the Tongue? What happens to this connection?
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- Thyroid diverticulum is connected to the tongue by the Thyroglossal Duct
- Normally disappears, but may persist as pyramidal lobe of thyroid - Foramen cecum is a normal remnant of the thyroglossal duct |
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What is the normal remnant of the thyroglossal duct (connects tongue to thyroid diverticulum)?
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Foramen Cecum |
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What is the most common ectopic thyroid tissue site?
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Tongue
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What diagnosis should you consider in a patient presenting with an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue?
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Thyroglossal Duct Cyst |
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What diagnosis should you consider if your patient presents with a mass in their lateral neck?
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Branchial Cleft Cyst - persistent cervical sinus
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What are the adrenal cortex and medulla derived from?
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- Adrenal cortex: mesoderm |
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What are the layers of the adrenal cortex from external to internal?
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- Zona Glomerulosa
- Zona Fasiculata - Zona Reticularis |
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What is the primary regulatory control of the Zona Glomerulosa? Secretory product?
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- Controlled by Renin-Angiotensin
- Secretes Aldosterone |
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What is the primary regulatory control of the Zona Fasiculata? Secretory product?
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- Controlled by ACTH and CRH |
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What is the primary regulatory control of the Zona Reticularis? Secretory product?
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- Controlled by ACTH and CRH
- Secretes sex hormones (eg, androgens) |
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What kind of cells are in the Adrenal Medulla?
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Chromaffin cells
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What is the primary regulatory control of the Adrenal Medulla? Secretory product?
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- Controlled by preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
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What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults? What does it characteristically cause?
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Pheochromocytoma
- Episodic hypertension |
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What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children? What does it characteristically cause?
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Neuroblastoma |
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How is the adrenal gland drained on the left side?
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Left adrenal gland → Left adrenal vein → Left renal vein → IVC
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How is the adrenal gland drained on the right side?
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Right adrenal gland → Right adrenal vein → IVC
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What tissue are the anterior and posterior pituitary made from?
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- Anterior Pituitary: oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch)
- Posterior Pituitary: neuroectoderm |
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What is the other name for the posterior pituitary? What does it secrete?
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Neurohypophysis
- Vasopressin / ADH - Oxytocin |
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What is the source of ADH and Oxytocin?
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They are both made in the hypothalamus and shipped to the posterior pituitary via the neurophysins (carrier proteins)
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What is the other name for the anterior pituitary? What does it secrete?
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Adenohypophysis
Think FLAT PiGs eat MuSH: - FSH - LH - ACTH - TSH - Prolactin - GH - MSH (Melanotropin) |
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What kind of cells are there in the anterior pituitary? Functions?
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- Acidophils: secretes Prolactin and GH
- Basophils: FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH |
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What are the subunits of the hormones released from the anterior pituitary? Functions?
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- α subunit: hormone subunit common to TSH, LH, FSH, and hCG
- β subunit: determines hormone specificity |
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Which hormones have the same α subunit?
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- TSH
- LH - FSH - hCG |