Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
The intended path of an aircraft over the Earth’s surface. |
True Course |
|
|
|
The actual path of an aircraft over the Earth’s surface. |
Track |
|
|
|
What any free object will do as the air moves downwind with the speed of the wind. |
Drift Angle |
|
|
|
What term is meant when, to compensate for drift angle, Pilots correct heading toward direction from which the wind is coming to the right or left of true course. |
True Heading |
True Course +/- Wind Correction Angle |
|
|
The angular difference between true north and magnetic north. |
Variation |
|
|
|
Magnetic compass error caused by materials in the aircraft. |
Deviation |
Deviants in the cockpit! |
|
|
These connect points of equal difference between true and magnetic north. |
Isogonic line |
Equal |
|
|
This connects points of zero variation between true and magnetic north. |
The agonic line. |
Zero |
|
|
What correction is necessary when utilizing isogonic lines to obtain Magnetic Heading? |
For East variation, subtract degrees of variation. For West variation, add degrees of variation. |
East is least; West is best! |
|
|
The navigation of an airplane solely by means of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind direction and speed, groundspeed and elapsed time. |
Dead Reckoning. |
This is a predetermined course taking into account the effects of wind. You must be ‘Dead accurate’. |
|
|
The term used to refer to flying/navigating by reference to visible landmarks. |
Pilotage |
|
|
|
What is True Heading +/- Variation? |
Magnetic Heading |
|
|
|
Circles parallel to the equator are called _________? |
Parallels of Latitude |
|
|
|
One nautical mile(NM) is equal to how many statute miles(SM)? One SM is equal to how many NM? |
1.15 0.87 |
SM are used for visibility. |
|
|
Time zones are established for every _________? |
15 degrees of longitude |
|
|
|
A L/MF or UHF NAVAID transmitting non-directional signals whereby the pilot of an aircraft equipped with direction finding equipment can determine his bearing to/from the NAVAID and home on or track to or from the station. |
A Non-Directional Radio Beacon(NDB). |
Non-Directional; ‘home’ on |
|
|
This type of NAVAID transmits a continuous 3 letter ID code. |
Non-Directional Radio Beacon (NDB) |
|
|
|
An NDB used in conjunction with the ILS that uses a 2 letter ID code. |
Compass Locator |
|
|
|
A ground based electronic navigational aid transmitting signals, 369 degrees in azimuth, oriented to magnetic north. |
Very High Frequency Omni Directional Range (VOR) |
Primary navigation facility in the NAS. |
|
|
What are the three classes of VOR’s? |
Terminal, Low Altitude and High Altitude |
|
|
|
How accurate is a VOR? |
+/- 1 degree. |
To what degree? |
|
|
What is the term given to the magnetic courses oriented from a VOR station? |
Radials |
Turn the knob/dial on the radio. |
|
|
What is the effective height and distance range of a Terminal class VOR? Low class? |
Terminal - 12,000’ and below up to 25 miles from the station. Low - Below 18,000’ up to 40 miles from the station. |
|
|
|
An UHF electronic rho-theta air navigation aid which provides suitably equipped aircraft continuous indications of bearing and distance to the station. |
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) |
Primarily utilized by the military. |
|
|
Equipment (airborne and ground) used to measure, in nautical miles, the slant range distance of an aircraft from the NAVAID. |
Distance Measuring Equipment(DME) |
This is the opposite of primary radar. |
|
|
Where is the difference between slant range and horizontal difference the greatest? |
Near the NAVAID and at high altitude. |
|
|
|
What DME equipment on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator? |
A transponder. |
This is the opposite of primary radar. |
|
|
What are the primary components of the Instrument Landing System(ILS)? |
Localizer, Glide Slope and Marker Beacons |
Course, Altitude, Alignment |
|
|
What are the secondary components of the ILS? |
Approach Lights, Compass Locator and DME. |
Vision, bearing, distance |
|
|
In an ILS, provides horizontal(lateral) guidance along the extended centerline of the runway. |
Localizer |
Lefter/righter |
|
|
In an ILS, provides vertical guidance along the descent path toward the runway touchdown point. |
Glide Slope |
Easiest way for Link to get down a hill/cliff. |
|
|
These give range information along the approach path of an ILS. |
Marker Beacons |
On the path, the markings beckon. |
|
|
In an ILS, these assist in the transition from instrument to visual flight. |
Approach Lights |
At night. |
|
|
Localizer on-course indications are provided how many degrees to either side of the centerline? |
2.5 degrees |
|
|
|
Under what conditions would an ILS approach NOT be useable? |
If the localizer is out of service. |
Which component. |
|
|
Approximately how many feet away from the (ILS) approach end of the runway is the Glide Slope located? |
1000’ |
down the runway |
|
|
What is the purpose of marker beacons in an ILS? |
To identify particular locations on the approach to the runway. |
|
|
|
This type of navigation system navigates precisely without any input from outside the aircraft. |
Inertial Navigation System. |
It is fully self contained. “Stays in its current state.” |
|
|
This type of navigational system may be approved as the sole means of navigation. |
Inertial Navigation System |
|
|
|
What department of the U.S. Federal Government is responsible for operating the GPS satellite constellation? |
The DOD. |
|
|
|
How many satellites are required to establish an accurate three-dimensional position? |
4 satellites. |
|
|
|
This is a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground or spaced based navigation aids, within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids or a combination of both. |
Area Navigation (RNAV) |
coverage ___________ |
|
|
What is the Flight Management System(FMS). |
A large database included in most RNAV systems that allows preprogramming of routes via a data loader. |
|
|
|
What is a waypoint? |
A predetermined geographical position. |
|
|
|
A series of ___________ make up an RNAV route? |
Waypoints |
|
|
|
What fixed ATS routes are located in Class E airspace? |
Victor and Tango Routes |
|
|
|
What fixed ATS routes are located in Class A airspace? |
Jet (J, ‘jay’) routes and Q routes. |
|
|
|
Unless otherwise charted, the changeover point between NAVAIDS on J routes and Victor airways is ___________. |
Midway, between NAVAIDS. |
|
|
|
The VOR (Class E) airway system consists of airways designated generally from ___________ up to but not including ____________. |
1,200’ - <18,000’ |
Elevation |
|
|
How are VOR airways oriented? |
Odd numbered airways are north-south Even numbered airways are east-west. |
In relation to compass. Same as interstate highway system. |
|
|
What elevation range makes up the Jet Route system? |
From 18,000’ up to and including iFL450. |
|
|
|
The Pitot-Static System provides the sources of air pressure for the operation of which 3 aircraft instruments? |
The Altimeter, the Vertical speed Indicator and the Airspeed Indicator. |
|
|
|
How is Indicated Airspeed (IAS) different from True Airspeed (TAS)? |
TAS is IAS corrected for temperature and pressure. |
High, Hot and humid. |
|
|
What is unique about the magnetic compass compared to the other instruments in the airplane? |
It is the only direction-seeking instrument in the aircraft that is self-contained. |
|
|
|
What three flight instruments use the properties of a gyroscope for their operation? |
Heading Indicator, Attitude Indicator and Turn Indicator. |
GYRO HAT |
|
|
What are the two major parts of the pitot-static system? |
The pitot tube with impact pressure chamber and lines. The static air vents with static pressure chamber and lines. |
|
|
|
______________ is the result of the aircrafts movement through the air into the pitot tube. |
Impact pressure. |
Two words. |
|
|
What instrument in the airplane is connected to the pitot tube? |
The airspeed indicator. |
|
|
|
Static air vents are the source of external ___________ ? |
Atmospheric pressure. |
|
|
|
What airplane instruments are connected to the static air vents? |
The altimeter and the vertical speed indicator. |
|
|
|
What happens to the pitot-static system instruments when there is blockage of the static air vents? |
All three instruments will provide erroneous readings. |
|
|
|
When flying from higher pressure to lower pressure, the altimeter reads a __________ altitude than the actual altitude of the aircraft. |
higher |
High to Low, Look out Below Low to High, Clear the Sky |
|
|
When flying from lower pressure to higher pressure, the altimeter reads a ____________ altitude than the actual altitude of the aircraft. |
lower |
High to Low, Look out Below Low to High, Clear the Sky |
|
|
What does the Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) measure? |
The rate of climb or descent in hundreds of feet per minute. |
|
|
|
Which flight instrument in an aircraft is the only one that is self-contained and direction-seeking? |
The magnetic compass. |
|
|
|
What three flight instruments use the properties of a gyroscope for their operation? |
The turn coordinator, heading coordinator and attitude indicator. |
Gyro HAT. |
|
|
In most cases, how is power provided to the heading and attitude indicators? |
A vacuum or pressure system. |
|
|
|
In most small aircraft, the failure of the vacuum pump would render which two instruments/indicators inoperative? |
The heading and attitude indicators. |
|
|
|
What is Newton’s First Law of Motion and how does it it impact gyroscopic flight instruments? |
Unless acted upon by outside forces, a body at rest will remain at rest; a body in motion will remain in motion. This creates ‘rigidity in space’. |
|
|
|
What does the Turn Indicator show? |
The yaw and roll of the aircraft around the vertical and longitudinal axes. |
|
|
|
What does the inclinometer on the turn coordinator show? |
It indicates the coordination of the ailerons and rudder. Appropriate amount of rudder applied is a coordinated turn. |
|
|
|
What primary benefit does the Heading Indicator have over the Magnetic Compass? |
The heading indicator is not affected by numerous forces that cause errors and make straight flight and precision turns difficult. |
|
|
|
The heading indicator creeps or drifts from a heading to which it is set because of __________? |
Precession |
Caused chiefly by friction. |
|
|
The __________ indicator, with its miniature aircraft and horizon bar, displays a picture of the pitch and bank attitudes of the airplane. |
Attitude |
|
|
|
The Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) is used to navigate using type of NAVAID? |
The Non-Directional Radio Beacon (NDB). |
|
|
|
The VOR Receiver presents information ______ or _______ the station. |
To or From |
|
|
|
What is the primary part of the VOR receiver? |
The Omnibearing selector knob (OBS). |
|
|
|
When the course selector on the NAV receiver is rotated until the deviation needle is centered, the pilot can determine what information? |
The radial from the station or the reciprocal to the station. |
|
|
|
The range displayed on the DME indicator is called _________ range. |
Slant |
|
|
|
A transponder consists of four numbers ranging from zero to seven. How many possible codes are there? |
4096 |
|
|
|
Codes assigned by ATC for the purposes of radar identification and flight tracking are referred to as ___________ codes. |
Discrete |
Can only be assigned to one aircraft. |
|
|
When the transponder is set to ‘ALT’, the aircrafts __________ is activated, and secondary radar will receive altitude information. |
Mode C |
|
|
|
What is the Flight Management System(FMS)? |
A computer system that uses a large database to allow routes to be preprogrammed and fed into the system by means of a data loader. |
|
|
|
This system is a self-contained, airborne collision avoidance system that is intended to provide a backup for the separation services provided by ATC in order to prevent near mid-air or mid-air collisions. |
The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) |
|
|
|
What are the two levels of TCAS alerting and when are the alerts issued in relation to the Closest Point of Approach (CPA)? |
Traffic Advisories are 45 seconds prior to CPA. Resolution Advisories are 30 seconds prior to CPA. |
|
|
|
When shall a Pilot who deviates from ATC clearance in response to a TCAS II notify ATC of that deviation? |
As soon as practicable. |
|
|
|
What equipment is required in an aircraft in order for a TCAS system to identify it? |
A transponder. |
|
|
|
When does hypoxia occur? |
When the oxygen available to the body tissues is insufficient to meet their needs. |
|
|
|
What are the three primary symptoms of hyperventilation? |
Dizziness, nausea and drowsiness. |
|
|
|
This type of chart is designed to be used by slow and medium speed aircraft flying on VFR. |
Sectional Aeronautical Charts |
Used primarily for pilotage. |
|
|
What are Maximum Elevation Figures (MEF) and what chart do they appear on? |
MEFs are based on information relating to the highest known feature in each quadrangle, including terrain and obstructions. Sectional Aeronautical Charts. |
|
|
|
On a Sectional Aeronautical Chart, how are airports with control towers always depicted? |
In the color blue. |
|
|
|
In the airport data 4500 L 72 122.95, 122.95 is the __________? |
UNICOM Frequency. |
|
|
|
On a SAC communication box, what does it mean when. frequency is underlined? |
This indicates that the pilot cannot receive live transmissions from the FSS. |
|
|
|
List the airspaces and corresponding colors shown on the SAC. |
B - Solid Blue C - Solid Magenta D - Dashed Blue E - (At Surface) Dashed Magenta E - (At 700’ AGL) Solid Magenta E - (At 1,200’ AGL) Solid Blue |
|
|
|
In a SAC, list the shown Special Use Airspaces and their corresponding colors. |
Prohibited, Restricted and Warning Areas - blue MOA, Alert, National Security Area - magenta TRSA and Military Training Routes - Gray |
|
|
|
On a SAC, what elevation determines the symbol used for ground obstructions? |
Below 1000’ and 1000’ and above. |
|
|
|
A pilot can receive Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service broadcasts via the voice portion of a navigational aid if its communication box has a ___________. |
Blue filled circle with a white H |
|
|
|
The height of an obstruction (on SAC) is indicated on the chart in feet above ___________. |
both Ground level and Sea Level. |
|
|
|
On a SAC, what different types of runway symbols are used and what do they mean? |
Blue = Control Tower Magenta = No Control Tower Circle with outline only, white inside = Non-Hard Surface Runway Colored Circle with white lines = Hard Surfaced Runway(s) Runway Lines w/o circle = Hard runway > 8069’ Dot next to Runway Line = approximate location of VOR type NAVAID. Double Circles = Military Dashes around circle = Services available. |
|
|
|
What class of airspace do VFR Terminal Area Charts (TACs) depict? |
Class B. |
|
|
|
What is the primary purpose of TACs and how do they differ from SACs? |
TACs help pilots navigate around busy terminal areas, have a larger scale and contain the greatest amount of detail of all the VFR charts. |
|
|
|
If included with a chart, where would the VFR Flyway Planning Chart be located? |
On the reverse side of the TAC. |
|
|
|
How often are the Chart Supplement, SAC and TAC published? |
Chart Supplement = 56 Days SAC = 6 months TAC = 6 months |
|
|
|
What does the double plus symbol (two pluses on-top of each other) indicate in a VFR chart? |
Indicates that during periods of daylight savings time, effective hours will be one hour earlier than shown. |
|
|
|
When looking up an airport in the Chart Supplement, what criteria is used and in what order? |
State -> City -> Airport |
|
|
|
As an ATC, when would a Chart Supplement be the most useful? |
When recommending a suitable airport to a pilot in an emergency. |
|
|
|
Frequencies placed just above a communication box on a sectional aeronautical chart (SAC) are used to contact which type of facility? |
FSS |
|
|
|
What does an ‘R’ indicate when placed next to a frequency on a communication box? |
The FSS is receive only. |
|
|
|
En Route Low Altitude Charts are designed to provide aeronautical info for en route navigation during instrument flight below what altitude? |
18,000’ |
|
|
|
How often are En Route Low Altitude Charts updated? |
Every 56 days. |
|
|
|
How many total En Route Low Altitude charts are there and how are they organized? |
There are 36 total charts labeled L1-L36. |
|
|
|
Describe the different airport symbols in a En Route Low chart and what they mean. |
Circles with dashes on sides indicate civil airports. Double Circles = Military Circles in BLUE and GREEN have approved Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) published. Circles in BLUE also have approved DoD IAP procedure and/or radar minima in high altitude DoD FLIPS. Circles in BROWN do NOT have a published IAP. |
|
|
|
When included in the airport data, ‘(A)’ means what? |
Automatic Terminal Information Service ATIS is available. |
|
|
|
When included in the airport data, ‘(A)’ means what? |
Automatic Terminal Information Service ATIS is available. |
|
|
|
A solid black star symbol in the airport data could be used to indicate what? |
Part-time status of surrounding airspace. |
|
|
|
On an En Route Low Chart Communication Box, what does a ‘(T)’ displayed next to the name indicate? |
This indicates a Terminal Class NAVAID with a service volume of 25NM and 12,000’. |
|
|
|
On an En Route Low chart, what is a MOCA and how is it indicated on the chart? |
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude - lowest published altitude between radio fixes which meets obstacle clearance requirements and assures NAV signal coverage within 22 NM. Altitude preceded by ‘*’. |
|
|
|
On an En Route Low Chart, what is a MEA? |
Minimum En Route Altitude - lowest published altitude between radio fixes that meets obstacle clearance requirements and assures acceptable NAV signal coverage. |
|
|
|
On an En Route Low Chart, this is a published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude or flight level for an airspace structure/route; the highest altitude at which reception of NAVAID is assured. |
Maximum Authorized Altitude (MAA) |
|
|
|
In an En Route Low Chart, this is the lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined. Lowest altitude at which NAVAID reception of intersection is assured. |
Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) |
|
|
|
What is the Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA) on an En Route Low Chart? |
The lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher MEA. |
Assures obstacle clearance when descending at an intersection. |
|
|
When must a pilot report over compulsory reporting points? |
When NOT in radar contact. |
|
|
|
When must a pilot report over compulsory reporting points? |
When NOT in radar contact. |
|
|
|
What classes of airspace are prominently displayed on the En Route Low Chart? Which one(s) are not? |
Class B, Class C and Mode C areas are prominently displayed. Class D is not displayed prominently. |
|
