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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sovereign
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having supreme rank, power, or authority.
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Rule of Law
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That individuals, persons and government shall submit to, obey and be regulated by law, and not arbitrary action by an individual or a group of individuals.
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Rule of Man
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Rule of man is absence of rule of law. It is a society in which one person, or a group of persons, rules arbitrarily.
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Monarchy
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A form of government in which a hereditary sovereign has absolute authority.
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Oligarchy
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A form of government in which all power is vested in an elite few.
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Democracy
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A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents.
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Republic
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A state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them.
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Constitutionalism
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A government in which power is distributed and limited by a system of laws that must be obeyed by the rulers.
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Anarchy
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A state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of governmental authority.
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Totalitarianism
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A form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life.
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Socialism
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A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
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Fascism
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An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
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Communism
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A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
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Limited Government
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A government where the government's power over individuals has limitations, that government officials are restrained by law, and thus that individuals' rights and liberties are protected against governmental power.
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Divine Right of Kings
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The doctrine that states that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects.
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Protestant Reformation
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A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
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Martin Luther
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German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds.
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Puritans
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A member of a group of extreme English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries wanted to "purify" the Church of England from within.
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The Enlightenment
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A cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century that's purpose was to reform society using reason (rather than tradition, faith and revelation) and advance knowledge through science.
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Sir Isaac Newton
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A mathematician and physicist who demonstrated the power of science to debunk ideas based on magic and superstition.
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Natural Law
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An assertion that the laws governing human behavior are derived from human nature.
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Thomas Hobbes
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Political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings. The mind behind the Social Contract Theory.
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John Locke
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Widely known as the Father of Liberalism, he was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. A proponent of the Social Contract Theory.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological, and educational thought.
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Social Contract Theory
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A political theory that implies that the people give up sovereignty to a government or other authority in order to receive or maintain social order through the rule of law.
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Representative Government
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A form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people.
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Liberty
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The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.
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Religious Freedom
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A principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
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Economic Freedom
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Freedom to engage in economic transactions, without government interference but with government support of the institutions necessary for that freedom, including rule of law, sound money, and open markets.
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Political Freedom
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Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression.
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Equality
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The fact of being equal, of having the same value; The equal treatment of people irrespective of social or cultural differences.
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Capitalism
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An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
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Consent of the Governed
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A phrase synonymous with a political theory wherein a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power is only justified and legal when derived from the people or society over which that power is exercised.
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Self-determination
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The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.
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Liberal
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A person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties.
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Conservative
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A political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports minimal and gradual change in society.
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Libertarian
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One that embraces individual liberty over state (governmental) authority, both in the realm of economic activity and personal or social activity.
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Political Spectrum
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The range of political thoughts, policies and approaches from the right to the left.
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