Final Exam (Crim 1)

State & Federal.

1. U.S District Courts.

2. U.S Courts of Appeal.

3. U.S Supreme Court.

Trial courts of the federal court system.

Courts that hear appeals from the district courts located within its circuit, as well as appeals from decisions of federal administrative agencies.

Court located in Washington D.C consisting of 9 justices, that holds a great authority in its capacity for judicial review. (Usually a last resort)

Authority to accept or decline a case at state, federal, and local levels.

The territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or the justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by statute or constitution.

The lawful authority of a court to hear or act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts.

The lawful authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court.

An informal hearing place designed to mediated interpersonal disputes without resorting to the more formal arrangements of a criminal trial court.

A low-level court that focuses on relatively minor offenses and handles special populations or addresses special issues such as reentry.

Writ issued to a lower court when the supreme court agrees to hear a case.

Judge, prosecution, defense counsel, bailiff, clerk of court, court reporter, and expert witness.

Ruling on most matters of the law, weighing objections, deciding the admissibility of evidence, sentencing offenders, disciplining disorderly courtroom attendees, and deciding guilt or innocence.

To represent people of the state.

To supervise staff of assistant district attorneys, file appeals on behalf of the state, and make presentations to parole boards.

Any evidence having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame.

Either choices in selecting and retaining counsel, or planning a defense strategy with counsel.

To conduct a legal defense of a person accused of a crime and represent them before the court of law.

To keep order in the courtroom and maintain physical custody of the jury.

Any eyewitness, character witness, or other person called on to testify who is not considered an expert.

"New trial" which is applied to cases that are retried on appeal.

An organized program that offers services to victims of a crime in the areas of crisis intervention and follow-up counseling.

A written order issued by a judicial officer or grand jury requiring an individual to appear in court.

Article III of the U.S Constitution.

First appearance, recognizance release, preliminary hearing, and arraignment.

Help ensure reappearance, and prevent the unconvinced person from suffering imprisonment.

To determine probable cause.

Allows the defendant to enter a plea.

1. Guilty.

2. Not guilty.

3. Nolo contendere (most common.)

To hear evidence presented by the prosecution and eliminate cases where there is not sufficient evidence for further processing.

The release by executive decision of a prisoner from a federal or state correctional facility who has not served his/her full sentence and whose freedom is contingent on obeying specified rules of behavior.

A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be aid to the court even if they don't appear.

Release on recognizance*, property bonds, deposit bail, conditional release*, third-party custody, unsecured bonds, and signature bonds.

Judges.

Negotiating on an agreement among the defendant, prosecutor, and court as to an appropriate plea and associated sentence.

Plea bargaining.

Determine guilt or innocence.

Facts of the case; what can be proven.

Adversarial.

Trial initiation, motion, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberation, and verdict.

The initial statement of the prosecutor.

The decision of the jury in a jury trial or of a judicial officer in a nonjury trial.

To the array, for cause, and peremptory.

Expert and lay witnesses.

Third party testimony.

Lying under oath.

Presentations made by both the defense and prosecution to a judge or jury to persuade them to draw a conclusion.

Decision.

Deliberation.

Monitory the trial court level and report on problems.

No contest.

Court rules that govern the admissibility of evidence at criminal hearings and trials.

Evidence that consists of physical material or traces of physical activity.