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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The _________ system breaks down ____ into substances that can be used as _________ |
Digestive System |
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filters _____ and removes _____: kidney produces _____ |
Excretory system |
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exchange of _____; exchange occurs in alveoil in _____ |
Respiratory system |
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5 senses |
sensory system |
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Gamete Production |
Reproductive system |
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1)needed materials and remove waste to and from the cell. 2)solid and liquid |
circulatory system |
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liquid -plasma solid- erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets |
plasma and solid |
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carry oxygen on a red pigment-_ _ _ _ globin requires iron |
erythocytes |
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functions as defenders against disease responsible for clotting unoxygenated blood pumps oxygenated to body arteries take blood from heart to the body veins return blood to the heart |
leukocytes |
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controls body |
nervous system |
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neurons-nerve cells central nervous system-composed of brain and spinal cord cerebrum- largest portion of brain divided into 2 hemispheres |
parts of nerve system |
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supports body |
skeletal system |
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skull(cranium) mandibles(lower jaw) vertebral column ribs |
axial skeleton |
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upper arm(humerous) lower arm(radius) upper leg (femur or thigh) lower leg(tibia or shinbone and fibulia) |
appendicular skeleton |
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ball and socket(shoulder, hip) hinge (knee, elbow) |
movable joints |
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holds bones together at joints |
ligaments |
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voluntary movement attached to other muscles or bones by tendons allows movement |
muscular system |
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bend joints |
flexors |
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straighten the joint |
extensors |
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controls rate of metabolism iodine pancreas |
thyroid glands |
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controls blood sugar(glucose) |
hormone insulin |
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aids in fight or flight |
adrenal glands |
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master gland |
pituitary glands |
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antibodies fight disease produced in response to antigens |
immune system |
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formed the basis of modern science of genetics |
Mendels |
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portion of DNA that control specific traits |
genes |
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dominant genes mask recessive genes |
FACTS |
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when the genotypes has 2 identical alleles then the trait is homozygous...........if alleles are different then the trait is heterozygous |
FACTS |
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reproduction |
cell division |
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sexual reproduction variations in populations haploid daughter cells one copy of chromosomes |
meiosis |
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asexual reproduction growth and cell repair daughter cells identical to parent cell and are diploid |
mitosis |
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sugar phosphate group nitrogen base |
nucleic acids composed of |
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change in genetic form few beneficial |
mutation |
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binary fission(one cell divides into 2) multiple fission (spore production Fragmentation (new organisms grow from parent) budding(new organisms results form an outgrowth of parents) |
asexual reproduction |
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stolons(horizontal stem) rhizomes(underground horizontal stems) corms(short vertical shoots with fleshy stems) bulbs(short vertical shoots with fleshy leaves) produce new plants |
plants asexual reproduction |
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cyclic change between haploid and diploid generations. |
alteration of generations |
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haploid gametophyte produces (through mitosis)haploid gametes which unite to form a diploid zygote. |
FACTS |
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grows by mitosis into the diploid sporophyte |
zygote |
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produces haploid spores through meiosis haploid spores grow into haploid gametophytes and cycle repeats |
diploid sporophyte |
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majority of the life history is spent as a gametophyte (haploid) |
zygotic life cycle |
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majority of the life history is spent as a sporophyte (diploid) |
gametic life cycle |
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independent multicellular gametophyte and sporphyte generations vascular plants |
Sporic life cycle |
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ferns,flowers, and trees |
vascular plants |
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when the spores are a different size and shape |
heterosporous |
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the more complex the plant, the more dominant the sporophyte becomes. in flowering plants the male gametophytes is reduced to just the pollen grain |
FACTS |
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gametophyte of a fern is small and short-lived |
Prothallium |
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pine cones produce male and female cones |
FACTS |
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is the study of organisms and their relationships with other organisms and their environment |
ecology |
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all energy and materials originate from nonliving environments principles of ecology are common sense |
FACTS |
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A organisms environmental requirements and tolerances determine its distribution |
FACTS |
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Tells whom eats whom interrelated food chains make food webs shows how energy is passed from organism to organism through ecosystem |
Food chains |
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chlorphyll plants convert suns energy to food molecules plants provide food for living organisms becoming first link in food chains survival of each link in the food chain is dependent upon the survival of preceding links |
how food chain works |
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animals cannot produce food and are consumers |
FACTS |
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always changing but remains the same dynamic balance (balance seesaw) community may change but number of organisms and their relationship stay the same |
nature |
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natural occurrences human actions greed,impatience,selfishness |
balance of nature upset |
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more resistant to natural catastrophes |
complex communities |
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selected by humans susceptible to catastrophes |
single species systems |
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differences create different biomes or life zones |
vegetation and climate |
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latitude and altitude going up in altitude is the same as going north and south in latitude(from the equator) |
climate |
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named after dominant vegetation altitude goes from low to high distances from equator increases major biomes change from tropical rain forest to deciduous forest to northern coniferous forest to tundra |
terrestrial biomes |
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no trees grounds frozen |
tundra |
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evergreen trees pine,spruce,fir |
northern coniferous forest |
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trees shed leaves(winter) oak maple and beech |
deciduous forest |
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near equator high humidity and rainfall abundant variety of organisms |
tropical rain forest |
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average rainfall grasses and shrubs few trees usually called prairie |
grasslands |
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very dry less than 10' rain per year |
deserts |
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differ from each other based on primarily on differences in temperature amount of dissolved oxygen and saltiness |
aquatic biomes |
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when damaged may never recover |
tundra |
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anything makes the environment unclean,impure,or dirty trash and poison |
pollution |
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adds trash and do not decompose easily raw materials not renewable (used up) recycling can help |
disposable items |
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poison soil, air, and water occurs from waste and trash products accidental or intentional auto major source of air pollutants oil spills causes death of birds |
pollutants? |
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intensive use of non-renewable fuel sources find new energy sources geothermal, wind, tidal, solar |
energy problems and solution |
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cause health problems burning eyes,breathing ,damage vegetation (crops , forest, physical features) EPA uses the clean air act |
air pollution |
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particulates ground level ozone carbon monoxide sulfur oxides nitrogen oxides lead most widespread threats from particulates and ground level ozone |
EPA 6 regulated common air pollutants |
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upper atmosphere protects earth from uv lights damages crops and forests very dangerous |
ozone |
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results from sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides from precipitation damages lakes,streams,vegetation,and physical structures |
acid rain |