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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What may be done to prevent falls in hospitalized elderly patients?
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Basic maneuvers such as locking the wheels on the bed or wheelchair, keeping needed equipment within easy reach, and making the nurse call light readily available.
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Any one of numerous mechanical devices or chemical agents used to hinder or restrict a patient's movement.
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Restraint
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Safety Guidelines for Use of Mechanical Restraints:
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Visually check on patient every 15 minutes
Assess circulatory, physical, and emotional status and release restraints every 2 hours Never attach a restraint to the SIDE RAIL!!! Use mechanical restraint as a last alternative, and discontinue use as soon as possible Maintain compliance with local, state, and federal requirements in relationship to restraint usage |
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The use of psychotropics, hypnotics, or anxiolytics to control a potentially violent patient
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Chemical Restraint
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Fire Prevention Acronym
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R-Rescue & Remove from immediate danger
A-Activate Alarm C-Contain fire E-Extinguish fire (PASS) |
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PASS Acronym
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P-Pull the pin
A-Aim at base of fire S-Squeeze handle S-Sweep side to side |
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The coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment during lifting, bending, moving, and performing ADL's.
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Body Mechanics
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What is the efficient use of the body as a means of locomotion?
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Body Mechanics
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Maintains good muscle tone and prevents injury
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Body Alignment
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Enhanced by proper posture
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Body Balance
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The ability to move and maintain posture is due to what?
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Contracture fo muscles
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List the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System:
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1.Support
2.Protection 3.MOVEMENT 4.Mineral Storage 5.Hematopoiesis (red blood cell production) |
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What can cause each body system to be at risk for impairment?
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Alteration in Mobility
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Severity of body system impairment caused by immobility depends on...
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Age
Overall Health Degree of immobility experienced |
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Cyclical physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.
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Sleep
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What influences and regulates physiological function and behavioral responses?
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Sleep-wake cycle
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-Includes lightest level of sleep
-Lasts a few minutes -Decreased physiological activity begins w/ gradual fall in VS and metabolism -Person is easily aroused by stimuli such as noise -When awakened, person feels as if daydreaming has occurred |
Stage 1: NREM
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-Perio of sound sleep
-Relaxation progresses -Arousal is still relatively easy -Stage lasts 10-20 minutes -Body functions contiue to slow |
Stage 2: NREM
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-Involves intial stages of DEEP sleep
-Sleeper is difficult to arouse and rarely moves -Muscles are completely relaxed -Vital signs DECLINE but remain regular -Stage lasts 15-30 min |
Stage 3: NREM
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-Is DEEPEST stage of sleep
-Very difficult to arouse sleeper -Stage longer if sleep loss has occured -VS are significantly lower than during waking hours -Stage last approx. 15-30min -Sleepwalking and enuresis may occur -Body releases growth hormone for repair and renewal of specialized cells (i.e. brain cells) |
Stage 4: NREM
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DEEP, DEEP, DEEP Sleep
-Vivid, full-color dreaming may occur in this stage -Stage usually begins about 90 min after sleep begins -Is typified by autonomic response of reapidly moving eyes, fluctating heart and resp. rates, and increased or fluctuating BP |
REM Sleep
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-Loss of skeletal muscle tone occus
-GASTRIC SECRETIONS INCREASE -It is very difficult to arouse sleeper -Duration increases w/ each cycle and averages 20 min -Essential for cognitive restoration, memory storage, and learning |
REM Sleep
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What physiologic behaviors are increased during REM sleep?
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1.Pulse
2.Gastric Secretion 3.Respiratory Rates |
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Why do we darken the room at night?
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Stimuli from sensory organs may activate the reticular system.
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What are the most common side effects of benzodiazepines?
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Drowsiness and ataxia
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What can happen if hypnotics are stopped abruptly?
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Rebound insomnia
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What is the best time to perform a bath?
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Whenever the patient would perfer to have one.
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When is it appropriate to try to change a patient's hygiene practices?
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When the patients current practices are inadequate for physiological needs.
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Death of cells
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Necrosis
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Purposes of Bathing
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-Cleansing the skin
-Stimulaton of circulation -Improved self-image -Reduction of body odors -Promotion ROM |
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Physiological changes take place through bathing:
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-Improved circulation
-Improved respirations -Maintenance or improvement of muscle tone |