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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the three basic types of hemolysis for streptococcus species
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alpha
beta gamma |
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what is the hemolysis type for streptococcus pyogenes
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beta
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what is the catalase reaction for streptococcus pyogenes
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negative
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gm + cocci in chains
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streptococcus
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what is the TAXO-A for streptococcus pyogenes
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+
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what is the PYR for streptococcus pyogenes
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+
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what is the evidence for a catalase negative test
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no bubble formation after adding H2O2
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what color is PYR test if +
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red
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detects the enzyme pyrrolidonylaryl amidase produced by Enterrococci Group D species
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PYR test
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what color is PYR test if -
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no color change
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with TAXO-A how do you know its + and what does that mean
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any zone of inhibiton is positive (susceptible)
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what strep group is strep pyogens in
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group A
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what is the hemolysis type for strep pneumoniae
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alpha
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what is the catalase reaction for strep pneumoniae
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-
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what strep species produces mucoid colonies
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mucoid colonies
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what is the bile esculin test for strep pneumoniae
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-
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what is the optochin disc of TAXO -P for strep pneumoniae
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+
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what is the bile solubility test for strep pneumoniae
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+
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where is strep usually found in the body
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upper respiratory tract and skin and mucous membranes
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a number of strep speies produce substances that destroy rbc; they cause lyses of rbc wall and release hemoglobin
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hemolysis
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strep that produce incomplete hemolysis and only partial destruction of cells around colonies
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alpha hemolysis
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what type of plate is strep grown on
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blood agar plate
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what is seen in alpha hemolysis on a blood agar plate
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distinct greening of the agar in hemolytic zone
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species whose hemolysins cause complete destruction of rbc in agar zone surrounding their colonies
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beta hemolytic
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found in normal flora of throats of some persons but is considered to cause disease when collected in large numbers from the sputum and blood of patients with clinical signs of pneumonia
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strep pneumoniae
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on blood agar, small opaque or semitranslucent colonies surrounded by clear zones in an otherwise red opaque medium
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beta hemolysis
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some strep do not produce hemolysis, no change seen in blood cells when colonies grown on blood
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non hemolytic or gamma
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pus producing, charac of group A
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strep pyongens
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what strep is TAXO-P +
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strep pneumoniae
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what strep is TAXO-A +
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group A strep of strep pyogens
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which strep is CAMP +
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group B strep, strep agalactia
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genital specimens from pregnant women
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Group B
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what test is most commonly used as the definitive method for grouping beta-hemolytic strep
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latex agglutination method
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susceptible to low concentrations of drug bacitracin which help differentiate them in lab
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Group A strep
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produced by group B, enhances the effect of beta hemolysins posessed by some strains of staph aureus
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CAMP factors
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what is the hemolysis type for strep viridians
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alpha
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what is the catalase type for strep viridians
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-
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what is the TAXO-P for strep viridians
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- (sensitive)
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what is the bile solubility for strep viridians
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insoluble/ resistant
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what is the PYR for strep viridians
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-
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what strep group has a hemolysis of alpha/gama
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strep group D
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what is the TAXO-P for strep group D
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-
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what is the bile solubility for strep group D
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-
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what is the PYR for strep group D
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-
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what is the result for 6.5% NaClfor strep group D
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-
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what is the bile esculin for strep group D
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+
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found primarily in intestinal tract
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enterococcus/ strep group D
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hemolysis type alpha/ gamma
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enteroccocus/ strep group D
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primary role in disease is UTI, infective endocarditis, wound infections
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enterococcus
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unlike strep, it can grow in high concentration salt broth, resistant to bile, and hydrolize a complex carb, esculin
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enterococcus
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what happens when enteroccocci hydrolize esculin
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black pigment forms in medium
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what does it mean when + bile esculin test for enteroccoccus
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esculin is broken down products with an iron salt that is also included in medium
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what is TAXO-P of enterococcus
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-
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what is bile solubility of enterococcus
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+
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what is PYR of enterococcus
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+
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what is 6.5% NaCl of enterococcus
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+
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what is result of bile esculin of enterococcus
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+
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this test detects an enzyme pyrrolidonyarylamidase which is produced by enterococci but not most other gm + cocci
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PYR
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what are 3 causes of bacterial meningitis
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strep agalactia
neisseria meningitidis haenophilus influenzae |
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what is the cause of bacteriaal meningitis in neonates
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strep agalactia
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what is the cause of epidemic meningitis
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neisseria meningitidis
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what is the cause of bacterial meningitis in children
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haemophilus influenzae
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gm - cocco bacilli
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haemophilus influenzae
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what is the result of oxidase test in H. influenzae
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+
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what is the result of catalase test in H. influenzae
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+
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what factors are required by H. influnzae
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X & V factors
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what is the ONLY media H. influenzae grows on
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enriches culture media and microphillic incubation coonditions such as chocolate agar
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lancet shaped cocci that appear in pairs or short chains
- fastidious orgs |
strep pneumoniae
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group B strep
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strep agalactiae
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what is the hemolysis type of strep agalacticia
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beta
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what is the catalase reaction of strep agalacticia
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-
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what is the CAMP test of strep agalacticia
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+
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what is the hippurrate hydrolysis of strep agalacticia
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+
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what color indicates a + hippurate test
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purple
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what group hydrolizes the bile eschulin
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groups d strep
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what is the resulf of catalse test with strep
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-
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gm - coccobacilli
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H. influenza
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what is the oxidase test for H. influenza
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+
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what is the catalase test for H. influenza
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+
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what type of culture media is required for H. influenzae
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chocolate and microaerophilic conditions
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medium which contains hemoglobin derived from bovine red blood cells and other enriched growth factors
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chocolae agar
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what factors are required by H. influenzae
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X and V
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hemin, a heat stable derivative of hemoglobin (supplied in chocolate agar)
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X factor
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heat labile coenzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD), essential in the merabolism of some species that lack it
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V factor
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contains V factor and are one of the most convenient supplements of choc agar or other media for H.
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yeast extracts
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name an organism that does not grow on TSA + 5%SB or MacConkey
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Haemophilus species
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how can one identify haemophilus
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streak colony on chocolate and TSA+5% SB plate
- if there is growth on choc and no growth on TSA and the org is oxidase + and gm - coccobacilli then it is Haemophilus |
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H streaked on TSA first then S. aureus added, incubate ovenight, what happens
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H obtains X factor from sheep blood and V factor from S. aureus
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H streaked on TSA first then S. aureus added, incubate ovenight H obtains X factor from sheep blood and V factor from S. aureus
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satellitism
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what bacteria causes gonorrhea
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N. gonorrhoeae
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what 3 STI's are caused by bacteria
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gonorhea
syphilis chlamydia |
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what bacteria causes syphillis
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treponema pallidum, a spirochete
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what bacteria cause chlamydia
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chlamydia trachomonatis
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gm - diplococci, obligate human parasites and are quite fastidious in their growth requirements on artificial media
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neisseria gonorrhea
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what helps distinguish neisseria from other genera
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they are all oxidase +
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what is the oxidase result for N gonorrhea
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+
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how is gonorrhea incubated
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its put in a candle jar or CO2 incubator ay 35
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what growth media is required for gonorrhea
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chocolate
modified Thayer Martin (MTM) - antimicorbial agents are added to supress normal flora |
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which sugar does neisseria gonorrhea utilize
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glucose
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which sugar does neisseria meningitidis utilize
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glucose and maltose
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what two organisms are used for the satellism test
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H. influenzae
Staph. aureus |
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gram + cocci arranges in clusters like grapes
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staph
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staph that is the most frequent inhabitant of human surface tissue, including skin and mucous membranes
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staph. epidermidis
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staph implicated in UTI's of young women 16-25. not found in normal flora
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staph. saprophyticus
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which staph is not part of normal flora
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staph saprophyticus
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found in normal flora and causes most staph diseases
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staph aureus
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which staph causes toxic shock syndrome
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s. aureus
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what are some common skin infections of s. aueus
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pimples
furuncles (boils) carbuncles impetigo |
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what are some serious systemic infections f s. aureus
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pneumonia
pyelonephritis osteomyelitis meningitis endocarditis |
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what are some serious sinus infections f s. aureus
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sinusitis
otitis media |
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what is the result of the catalase test for s. aureus
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+
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what is the result of the slide coagulase test for s. aureus
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+
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what is the result of the tube coagulase test for s. aureus
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+
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what is the result of s. aureus in mannitol salt agar
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+
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what test is used to distinguish strep from staph
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catalase
- all strep are (-) - all stap are (+) |
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what org is the major cause of nosocomial infections
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s. aureus
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what distinguishes s. aureus from the rest
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+ manitol salt agar
beta hemolytic |
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known as non hemolytic staph
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s. saprophyticus
s. epidemisis |
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which staph is coagulase +
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s. aureus
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which staph are coagulase -
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s. saprophyticus
s. epidemisis |
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what charac differentiates s. saprophyticus
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its resistance to low concentrations of novobiocin
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staph which is catalase +
slide coagulase - tube coagulase - and novobiocin resistant |
staph saprophyticus
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what is TSA-II with 5% SB known as
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sheep blood agar
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what type of cultures are grown on sheep blood
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throat
sputum urine blood csf genital wound ear/eye |
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Name a species resistant to Taxo-A
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staph
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how does one know when manitol test is positive
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it is red so when it turns yellow it means the mannitol is fermented
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which staph species are susceptible to novobiocin (zone of inhibition)
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s. aureus
s. epidymidis |
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what is contained in TSI
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glucose
lactose sucrose iron |
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what does the iron in TSI do
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it detects hydrogen sulfide production (it blackens the medium if it occurs
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ferments lactose and sucrose and galactose turning the media yellow
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A/A
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lactose or sucrose and does not ferment glucose
- yellow slant, alkaline butt |
A/K
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does not ferment lactose, may ferment sucrose and ferment glucose
- alkaline slant - acid butt |
K/A
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does not ferment lactose, sucrose, or glucose
- alk slant - alk butt - stayed same color |
K/K
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what does it mean when TSI medium urns black
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H2S is produced
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what type of media is mannitol salt agar classified as
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selective and differential
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what org is the media mannitol salt agar used to id
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s. aureus (staphcocci and micrococci)
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fermentation of the sugars by the test org is interpreted by the color of the butt and slant of the medium
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TSI
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what does enrichment broth as GN broth or selenite do to the normal flora of stool cultures
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supresses
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what test is used to identify salmonella or shigella species from other Enterobacteriaceae
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serological
biochemical |
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why is there no diagnosis in females from a gram stain
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Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negetive diplococci
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intracellular gram negative diplococci,
- they are inside a segmented white blood cell - diagnosed in male exudate samples |
n. gonorrhea
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only ferments glucose and is beta lactamase positive
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n gonorrhea
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what does IMViC stand for
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I-indole
M-methyl red test V-Voges-Proskauer C-citrate |
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what type of org is IMViC used to identify
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enterobacteriaceae
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tests for trypophan utilization
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indole
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acid sensitive dye that is yellow at pH above 4.5 and red below 4.5
- when added to culture growing on glucose, color indicated whether glucose has been broken down completely |
methyl red
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uses MR and VP tests
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voges proskauer
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when feces are cultured, what type of bacteria is inhabiting intestinal tract
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facultative anaerobic gram negative nonsporing bacilli (enterobacteriaceae)
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list at least 9 genera of enterobactericiase
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salmonella
shigella citrobacter klebsiella enterobacter serratia proteus providencia yersinia escherichia |
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what is the purpose of performing methyl red of MRVP
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it determines if glucose is fermented by the mixed acid pathway
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what is the principle of performing methyl red of MRVP
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if glucose is fermented via mixed acid pathway, strong acids are produced and a low pH is maintained
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what is the procedure of performing methyl red of MRVP
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inoculate broth w sterile loop, incubate 48hrs
- remove 1ml of broth for VP determination and add 2 drops of MR indicator. - if turns red, + reaction |
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what is the purpose of performing vogewhat is the purpose of performing methyl red of MRVPs proskauer of MRVP
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to test determines if glucose is fermented by butylenes glycol pathway by the detection of actylmethylcarbonol
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what is the purpose of citrate
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tests is to determine if an org is capable of utilizing sodium citrate as a sole source of carbon
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principle of citrate
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sodium citrate is utilized, alkaline products include NaOH are produced. This is indicated by bromothymol blue, which is blue color at alkaline pH
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what is the principle of urase
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detect whether the org produces urease, an enzyme that hydrolizes urea to ammonia
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