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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fire needs 4 things |
-Fuel -Heat -Chain Reaction If we eliminate 1, fire goes out |
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When does combustion occur? |
At 350C in vapours above fuel |
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What is "Pool Fire"? What would make it worse? |
Pool fire is liquid that burns Use class b (symbol is jerry can on fire) Class A would make it worse by spreading it |
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What is "Flashover" What are the temperatures involved? How long does it take? |
-When heat @ top of the room meets the heat @ bottom of the room, instantly the whole room goes up. -Top - 1300C -Bottom - 200C -Takes 3-5 mins |
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Why is AFCI better than GFCI? |
-Improved by sensing electrons jump from the wire electronically |
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What are the 5 classes of fire? List 3 common, 2 specialty and match extinguisher to hazards. |
A - Ordinary combustibles (paper, wood, cloth)
Water based extinguisher Pictogram is garbage can on fire or wood burning B - Flammable liquids (oils, gas) Pictogram is a jerry can on fire C - Electrical Fires High pressure Pictogram of electrical cord D - Metal Fires (Titanium, magnesium, sodium) Pictogram is I-beam on fire K - Kitchen Fires (Cooking oils, fats) Picogram is Frying pan on fire |
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What is the ACRONYM used for using a fire extinguisher? |
P.A.S.S -Pull the pin -Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire -Squeeze the handle (stand 8 feet away) -Sweep the nozzle back and forth at base of fire 30 seconds - 1 min of spray material |
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What happens if you use "Class A" extinguisher on "Class D" fires? |
Can cause an exothermic reaction |
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What are the types of extinguishing Agents? Which extinguisher uses those types? How do they work? |
Dry Chemical - Prevents chemical reaction between heat and fuel (ABC) Foams - Takes oxygen away. Prevents flashback (ABCD) LEF Foam - Low expansion, rolls quickly HEF Foam - High expansion, 7x volume, must have enough to reach rafters Water - Absorbs heat, high pressure. CO2 - Removes heat & dissipates oxygen, no residue |
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What are the stages of fire? Which stage fall under life protection? Which stage falls under property protection? |
Stage 1 - Incipient Stage 2 - Smouldering Stage 3 - Flame Stage 4 - Heat 1-2 = Life protection 3-4 = Property protection |
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Describe the 1st stage of fire. |
Stage 1 - Incipient: -No smoke, no flame -Very little heat *Significant amount of invisible combustion particles are created |
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Describe the 2nd stage of fire. |
Stage 2 - Smouldering: -Smoke -No flame -Not much heat, more than before -Fire can smoulder for hours |
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Describe the 3rd stage of fire. |
Stage 3 - Flame -Visible flame appears -More heat, often no smoke or less UV/IR detection |
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Describe the 4th stage of fire. |
Stage 4 - Heat -Large amounts of heat, flame, smoke, gases -Transition from 3-4 happens fast -Flashover occurs in this stage Heat detector dection |
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Which stage of fire is the deadliest? |
Stage 2 - Smouldering -Takes oxygen -Emits carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide |
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List 3 considerations necessary to design an effective fire alarm system. |
Construction type Type and number of occupants What is stored? Noise levels Ceiling height Air Flow Ceiling Obstructions Detector Types |
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What is the purpose of a fire alarm system? |
To protect lives and indicate need to evacuate. |
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Describe: BCBC ULC BC Fire Marshall Act BC Fire Code Fire Marshall |
BC Building Code - Regulates type of fire alarm to install and enforces minimum standards U.L.C - Installation and verification BC Fire Marshall Act - power to inspect FA installation BC Fire Code - Fire Marshalls use this for requirements regarding occupancy and changes to fire protection systems Fire Marshall - Authority Having Jurisdiction using BC Fire Code to inspect prior to occupancy |
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What are the 3 basic parts to a F.A.S? |
IDC - Initiating device ccts (input) SDC - Signalling device ccts (output) FACP - Fire Alarm Control Panel (Once receives in, signals out) |
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List 3 examples of IDCs |
Pull stations, heat detectors (automatic), smoke detectors (automatic), flow switch, UV/IR detectors |
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List 3 examples of SDCs |
Bells, strobes, horns, chimes, speakers |
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What is the purpose of Ancillary devices? List 3 examples. Is the ancillary device a part of the FAS? |
-Serves are life safety. -Damper controls, fans, magnetic door holders, firehall tie in, CTM (City tie in module) No, it is controlled by the FAS but not part of it. |
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How do signalling devices work? |
-Panel sends output to signalling device to evacuate. -Stimulates eyes and ears |
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What happens after panel goes into alarm? |
Ancillary devices are activated but cannot be silenced for 5 minutes |
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What are the 3 types of communication systems? |
Simplex - 1 way communication (Broadcast radio) Half Duplex - Communication both ways but 1 direction at a time (Walkie Talkie) Full Duplex - 2 way communication (Like a telephone) EG: Firefighter phones |
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Describe the control panel: |
FACU or FACP (Fire alarm control unit, fire alarm control panel) -Accepts low current signals from IDC -Operates audible & visual appliances (output to SDC) -Provides "electrical supervision" monitoring wiring in field for faults -Performs ancillary and auxiliary functions -MUST have back up power supply for min 24 hours of supervisory duties. Must have enough battery to run signal devices for 5 mins -120v input from dedicated circuit breaker. 24v output |
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What are the 3 main fire alarm systems? What 5 types are there total? What does indicating and coded mean? |
Single Stage -Signal input from 1 IDC initiates all SDCs -SDC operate @ 120ppm, strobes @1-3 P/s 2 Stage -Signal input form 1 IDC initiates alert mode (first stage) -Bells & strobes in alert mode (20ppm) -Firehall notified -Annunciator activated + some ancillary -5 mins no change, goes into general alarm -If 2nd IDC is initiated, panel goes into general alarm mode -5 mins to investigate -This FAS can only be installed in buildings with trained 24 hours staff -Used in places where it could cause undue stress Zone Coded 2 Stage -Signal from 1 IDC, the initiating floor + above + below goes into alarm stage. All other floors go into alert ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5 types Type 1: non-indicating, non zoned G.A Type 2: indicating, zoned, G.A Type 3: indicating, coded-zoned G.A Type 4: 2 stage, indicating, zoned, alert/alarm Type 5: 2 stage, indicating, coded zoned, alert/alarm Indicating: Does it have an annunciator at the entrance? Coded: Will ring 2 different temporal rings for 1 minute indicating direction of evac. |