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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Drugs that induce P-450 enzymes
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barbituates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, quinidine, griseofulvin
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Drugs that inhibit P-450 enzymes
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cimetidine, ketoconazole, INH, grapefruit, erythromycin, sulfonamides
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Drugs metabolized by P-450 enzymes
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benzos, amide anesthetics, metoprolol, propranolol, nifedipine, phenytoin, quinidine, theophylline, warfarin, barbituates
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Drugs that increase the risk of digoxin toxicity
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quinidine, cimetidine, amiodarone, calcium channel blockers
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Drugs that compete for albumin-binding sites
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warfarin, ASA, phenytoin
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Drugs that cause Blood dyscrasias
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ibuprofen, quinidine, methyldopa, chemotherapeutic agents
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Drugs that lead to hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients
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sulfonamides, isoniazid (INH) ASA, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin, primaquine, pyrimethamine, chloramphenicol
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Drugs that can lead to gynecomastia
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spironolactone, estrogens, digitalis, cimetidine, chronic alcohol use, ketoconazole
"Some Excellent Drugs Create Awesome Knockers" |
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drugs that can cause stevens-johnson syndrome
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ethosuximide
sulfonamides |
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drugs that can cause photosensitivity
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tetracycline, amiodarone, sulfonamides
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drugs that cause drug-induced SLE
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procainamide, hydralazine, INH, penicillamine, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine
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Antidote for acetaminophen
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N-acetylcysteine
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Antidote for acid/alkali ingestion
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upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture
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Antidote for anticholinesterases, organophosphates
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atropine, pralidoxime
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Antidote for antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents
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physostigmine
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Antidote for arsenic, mercury, gold
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succimer, dimercaprol
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Antidote for beta-blockers
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glucagon
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Antidote for barbiturates
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urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal, supportive care
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Antidote for benzodiazepines
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flumazenil (can precipitate withdrawal)
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Antidote for black widow bite
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calcium gluconate, methocarbamol
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Antidote for carbon monoxide
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100% O2, hyperbaric O2
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Antidote for copper, arsenic, lead, gold
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penicillamine
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Antidote for cyanide
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amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate
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Antidote for digitalis
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normalize K+ but avoid giving Ca++, Mg++, or lidocaine (for torsades) antidigitalis Fab
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Antidote for heparin
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protamine sulfate
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Antidote for INH
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pyridoxine
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Antidote for iron salts
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succimer, CaEDTA, dimercaprol
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Antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
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EtOH, fomepizole, dialysis, calcium gluconate for ethylene glycol
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Antidote for methemoglobin
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methylene blue
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Antidote for opioids
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naloxone
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Antidote for salicylates
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urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal
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Antidote for TCAs
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sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation; diazpema or lorazepam for seizures, cardiac monitor for arrhythmias
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Antidote for theophylline
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activated charcoal. Consider repeat doses
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Antidote for tPA, streptokinase
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aminocaproic acid
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Antidote for warfarin
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Vitamin K, FFP
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ACEIs side effects
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cough, rash, proteinuria, angioedema, taste changes, teratogenic effects
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amantadine side effects
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ataxia, livedo reticularis
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aminoglycosides side effects
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ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis)
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amiodarone side effects
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acute: AV block, hypotension, bradycardia
Chronic: pulmonary fibrosis, peripheral deposition leading to bluish discoloration, arrhythmias, hypo-/hyperthyroidism, corneal deposition |
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Amphotericin side effects
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fever/rigors, nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, anemia
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antipsychotics side effects
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sedation, acute dystonic reaction, akathisisa, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, NMS
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azoles side effects
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inhibition of P-450 enzymes
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AZT side effects
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thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia
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beta-blockers side effects
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asthma exacerbation, masking of hypoglycemia, impotence, bradycardia, AV block, CHF
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benzodiazepines side effects
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sedation, dependence, respiratory depression
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bile acid resins side effects
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GI upset, malabsorption of vitamins and medications
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calcium channel blockers side effects
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peripheral edema, constipation, cardiac depression
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carbamazepine side effects
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induction of P-450 enzymes, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity
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chloramphenicol side effects
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gray baby syndrome, aplastic anemia
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cisplatin side effects
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nephrotoxicity, acoustic nerve damage
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clonidine side effects
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dry mouth, severe rebound HA and HTN
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clozapine side effects
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agranulocytosis
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corticosteroids side effects
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mania, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, bone mineral loss, thinning of skin, easy bruising, myopathy, cataracts (chronic)
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cyclophosphamide side effects
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myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis
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digoxin side effects
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GI disturbance, yellow visual changes, arrhythmias (junctional tachycardia, or SVT)
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doxorubicin side effects
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cardiotoxicity aka cardiomyopathy
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ethyl alcohol side effects
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renal dysfunction, CNS depression
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fluoroquinolones side effects
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cartilage damage in kids, achilles tendon rupture in adults
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furosemide side effects
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ototoxicity, hypokalemia, nephritis, gout
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Gemfibrozil side effects
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myositis, reversible increase in LFTs
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halothane side effects
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hepatotoxicity, malignant hyperthermia
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HCTZ side effects
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hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors side effects
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myositis, reversible increase in LFTs
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hydralazine side effects
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drug-induced SLE
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hydroxychloroquine side effects
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retinopathy
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INH side effects
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peripheral neuropathy (prevent with pyridoxine / Vitamin B6), hepatotoxicity, inhibition of P-450 enzymes, seizures with overdose, hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
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MAOIs side effects
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Hypertensive tyramine reaction, serotonin syndrome (with meperidine)
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methanol side effects
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blindness
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methotrexate side effects
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hepatic fibrosis, pneumonitis, anemia
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methyldopa side effects
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+ coombs' test, drug-induced SLE
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metronidazole side effects
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disulfiram rxn, vestibular dysfunction, metallic taste
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niacin side effects
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cutaneous flushing
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nitroglycerin side effects
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hypotension, tachycardia, headache, tolerance
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penicillamine side effects
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drug-induced SLE
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penicillin/ beta-lactams side effects
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hypersensitivity rxns
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phenytoin side effects
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nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, arrhythmia (in toxic doses), gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, teratogenic effects
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prazosin side effects
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first-dose hypotension
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procainamide side effects
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drug-induced SLE
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propylthiouracil side effects
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agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
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quinidine side effects
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cinchonism (headache, tinnitus), thrombocytopenia, arrhthmias (e.g. torsades de pointes)
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reserpine side effects
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depression
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rifampin side effects
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induction of P-450 enzymes; orange-red body secretions
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salicylates side effects
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fever; hyperventilation with respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis, dehydration, diaphoresis, hemorrhagic gastritis
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SSRIs side effects
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anxiety, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome if taken with MAOIs
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succinylcholine side effects
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malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalemia
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TCAs side effects
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sedation, coma, anticholinergic effects, seizures, and arrhythmias
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tetracyclines side effects
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tooth discoloration, photosensitivity, Fanconi's syndrome, GI distress
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trimethoprim side effects
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megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
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valproic acid side effects
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teratogenicity leads to neural tube defects; rare fetal hepatotoxicity
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vancomycin side effects
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nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome (histamine release NOT AN ALLERGY)
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vinblastine side effects
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severe myelosuppression
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vincristine side effects
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peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus
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alcohol withdrawal symptoms
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tremor (6-12 hours)
Tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, seizures (within 48 hours) Hallucinations (within 2-7 days) DTs severe autonomic instability leading to tachycardia hypertension delirium and possibly death mortality is 15-20% |
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alcohol withdrawal treatment
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benzodiazepines
thiamine folate multivitamin replacement |
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barbiturates withdrawal symptoms
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anxiety, seizures, delirium, tremor, cardiac and respiratory depression
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barbiturate withdrawal treatment
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benzodiazpeines
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benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms
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rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor (like even tongue), insomnia
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benzo withdrawal tx
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benzos monitor for DTs
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Cocaine/ amphetamines withdrawal sx
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depression, hyperphagia, hypersomnolence
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cocaine-amphetamines withdrawal treatment
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supportive tx.
avoid pure beta-blockers as may lead to unopposed alpha activity causing hypertension |
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opioid withdrawal symptoms
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anxiety, insomnia, flu-like symptoms, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, mydriasis
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opioid withdrawal treatment
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antiemetics, muscle relaxants, and NSAIDs for mild symptoms
clonidine, buprenorphin, or methadone for moderate to severe symptoms |
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vitamin A deficiency sx
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night blindness, dry skin, weird corneal plaques in kids
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Vitamin B1 deficiency sx
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thiamine
beriberi (polyneuritis, dilated cardiomyopathy, high output CHF, edema), wernicke-korsakoff syndrome |
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Vitamin B2 deficiency sx
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riboflavin
angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization |
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Vitamin B3 deficiency sx
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niacin
Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia) |
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Vitamin B5 deficiency sx
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pantothenate
dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency |
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Vitamin B6 deficiency sx
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pyridoxine
convulsions, hyperirritability; required during administration of INH |
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Vitamin B12 deficiency sx
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cobalamin
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, neurologic symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesias) glossitis |
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Vitamin C deficiency sx
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scurvy: swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing
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Vitamin D deficiency sx
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rickets in kids (bending bones), osteomalacia in adults (soft bones), hypocalcemic tetany
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Vitamin E deficiency sx
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increased fragility of RBCs
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Vitamin K deficiency sx
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neonatal hemorrhage; increased PT and aPTT, normal bleeding time
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biotin deficiency sx
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dermatitis, enteritis, can be caused by ingestion or raw eggs or antibiotic use
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folic acid deficiency sx
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the most common vitamin deficiency in the united states. sprue; macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms
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magnesium deficiency sx
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weakness, muscle cramps, exacerbation of hypocalcemic tetany, CNS hyperirritability leading to tremors, choreoathetoid movement
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selenium deficiency sx
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keshan disease (cardiomyopathy)
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