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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Research Ethics
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Respect for Persons
Beneficence Justice |
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Nuremberg Code
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Informed Consent is essential
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Declaration of Helsinki ---
Purpose of Belmont Report --- |
Well-being of the subject
Ethical Principles and Guidelines |
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EBP = Evidence Based Practice
EBP |
integrates Clinical Expertise, Patient Values, and Best Evidence into patient care
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3 Factors in EBP
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Clinical Expertise
Patient Values Best Evidence |
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Supports to EBP
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Enable to Upgrade Knowledge Bse
Improve Communication with Patients Increase Accountability with Health Care Pros Ethical Responsibility |
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Steps in EBP
PQR-CASe |
Patient, Question, Resource,
Critique, Apply, Self-Evaluation |
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What are the steps in EBP?
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PQR-CASe
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PICO
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Patient
Intervention Comparison Intervention Outcome |
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PICO helps frame the question.
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With patients with W, does X or Y improve the quality of Z?
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What section of a research article has the key to appraising evidence?
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The METHODS
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Where is the Hypothesis found in a paper?
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INTRO
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The Foundation of a Research Article
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METHODS
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Where are the limitations of the study included?
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Discussion section
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Clinical Research Purpose
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Exam Clinical Conditions and Outcomes
Establish Relationships Generate Evidence Provide Ways to Improve Methods |
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Reasons for Research
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Develop Knowledge
Test Intervention Accountability of Healthcare Improve Patient Care |
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Classification of Research
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Quantitative/Qualitaive
Purpose: Descriptive, Relationships, Differences Manipulation: Experimental or Non Timing: Retrospective/Prospective |
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Case Study vs Care Report
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Report = QUANT, NONEXP, and DESCRIPTIVE
Case Study = QUAL and DESCRIPTIVE |
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A Priori
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Beforehand
Hypothesis is made before study. |
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Cause+Effect can be found in:
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Experimental Research
Better in True Research (random assign and 2 groups) |
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Quasi Experiment
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Lack either or both random assign or comparison group
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Experimental Studies have high ______ of variables.
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CONTROL/MANIPULATION
Non-Exp don't manipulate. |
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Retro- VS Prospective
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Retro = look at old data already recorded
Prospective = organize study and record data |
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Phases of Research
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Identify Research Question
Design Study Collect Data Analyze and Interpret Report Findings |
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Validity
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Internal
External Construct |
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Internal Validity Threats
AHA-TIMS |
Assignment, History, Attrition, Instrument,
Maturation, Statistical Regression to the mean, Testing (retesting) |
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External Validity
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extend to which results may be generalize outside experiment
Threats: Bias sample, Place, Time |
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Construct Validity
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Concerned with meaning of variables and whether they are well established / correctly labeled
Threats: Bias (subject or investigator), Treatment-interaction |
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Population
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entire group of interest within world or country
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Accessible Population
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subset of entire population available for research in given area
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Sample
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sub-group of population that is available to study
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Selection
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subjects being drawn from population
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Assignment
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process where placed into allocated group with study
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Selection
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probability or non-probability sampling
Prob: simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster sampling Non: convenience, snowball, purposive |
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Sampling is a compromise.
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yup.
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Sample size has an impact on validity and stats conclusions.
________ samples tend to be more representative of populations. |
LARGE
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Random Assignment
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by individuals
by blocks systematic matched assignment |
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PURPOSE of Experimental Design
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provide evidence for cause+effect
Protect against threats to Int, Construct, Ext validity |
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Random assignment and 2 groups are factors present in:
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True Experiments
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