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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the forehead bone that comprises the front part of the brain-case and the upper part of the eye orbitals
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Frontal
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thickened areas above each eye orbit (especially in males)
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Supraorbital tori
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compose the lateral walls of the eye orbitals and articulate with the frontal inferiorly
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right and left zygomatic bones
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bone forming the floor of the eye orbitals and comprises the upper jaw
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maxilla
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bones that form the bridge of the nose
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nasal bones (nasals)
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bones that supply the for the soft tissues involved in the sense of smell, visible inside the nose
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nasal conchae
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bone that divides the posterior nasal opening roughly in half, far to the rear of the nose, vertical bone
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vomer
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lower jaw
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mandible
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form the medial walls of the eye orbits
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lacrymal (paired bones)
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a vertical ridge
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crest
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make up the middle of the braincase, articulate with the frontal posteriorly
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parietal bones
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forms the back of the braincase, contributes to the base of the braincase, posterior to the parietals
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occipital
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neck area, at the lower portion of the occipital
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nuchal area
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form the lower part of the sides of the braincase, contain ear openings, mastoid process, squamous, and styloid process
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temporal bones
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ear openings on the temporal bones
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external auditory meatus
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articulates anteriorly with the temporals; located between the temporal and zygomatics
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sphenoid
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where the lower jaw articulates posteriorly with the temporals; only moveable bone in the skull that is easily visible
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temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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sockets for the condyles of the mandible
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mandibular fossa
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allows for passage of the spinal nerves into the brain
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foramen magnum
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bones of the palette of the mouth
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palatine bones
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make up the middle of the braincase, articulate with the frontal posteriorly
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parietal bones
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forms the back of the braincase, contributes to the base of the braincase, posterior to the parietals
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occipital
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neck area, at the lower portion of the occipital
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nuchal area
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form the lower part of the sides of the braincase, contain ear openings, mastoid process, squamous, and styloid process
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temporal bones
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ear openings on the temporal bones
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external auditory meatus
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articulates anteriorly with the temporals; located between the temporal and zygomatics
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sphenoid
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where the lower jaw articulates posteriorly with the temporals; only moveable bone in the skull that is easily visible
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temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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sockets for the condyles of the mandible
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mandibular fossa
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allows for passage of the spinal nerves into the brain
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foramen magnum
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bones of the palette of the mouth
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palatine bones
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small, U-shaped bone that is suspended in the neck
-Only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone -in young people it is in 3 segments that fuse together later in life |
hyoid
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separates the frontal and parietals; end at the point where the frontal meets the greater wing of the sphenoid
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coronal suture
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separates the right and left parietal bones; starts at the coronal suture and ends where the parietals meet the occipital
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sagittal suture
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separates the parietals and occipital bone; curves across the back of the skull, ending where the occipital and parietals meet the temporals
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lambdoid suture
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separates the squamous portion of the temporals form the parietals
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squamosal suture
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separates that part of the maxillae that contain the incisors from the rest of the bone
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incisive suture
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separates the maxillae from the palatines
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transverse palatine suture
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separates the two maxillae and the two palatines
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median palatine suture
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large, uncomplicated areas in the upper jaw that appear to lighten these bones without sacrificing structural integrity
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maxillary sinuses
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the breastbone that serves as an anchor for the anterior ends of the rubs
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sternum
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rectangular, lower part of the sternum
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body
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upper, roughly triangular part of the sternum
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manubrium
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the two parts of a vertebra
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body and neural arch
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allows for passage of the nerve column down the spine, formed by the neural arches of the vertebra
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vertebral foramen
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part of the vertebra extending posteriorly
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spinous process
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extend laterally form the right and left sides of the vertebra
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transverse processes
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the top 7 bones of the spinal column, corresponding to the neck
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cervical vertebrae
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a uniquely constructed vertebrae that has no body and appears ringlike when viewed form above
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atlas
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second cervical vertebrae
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axis
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middle of the vertebral column, 12 bones that exhibit all the major structures of a vertebrae
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thoracic vertebrae
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the 5 bottom bones of the spinal column, above the sacrum; do not have articular facets for the ribs and have shorter and wider transverse and spinous processes; have mammillary processes
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lumbar vertebrae
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how many ribs are there on each side?
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12
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the posterior part of the rib that has articular facets for both the body of the vertebrae and their transverse processes
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neck
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the rest of the rib bone that extends from the neck to the midline anteriorly, where it articulates with the sternum by way of cartilage
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body
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eleventh and twelfth ribs; shorter in length; pointed at ends; less square
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floating ribs
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collarbone; S-shaped; articulates medially with the manubrium and laterally with the scapula
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clavicle
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triangular shoulder blade
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scapula
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raised area of the scapula that angles superiorly on the dorsal surface from the medial to the lateral edge
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spine
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the articular surface for the head of the humerus; on the scapula
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glenoid cavity
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tips the spine of the scapula; allows for articulation of the lateral end of the clavicle; the "shoulder bone"; serves as an attachment for the trapezius and deltoideus muscles
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acromion process
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projects anteriolaterally form the superior end of the glenoid cavity of the scapula; serves as an attachment for a number of muscles, ligaments, and fascial sheets
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coracoid process
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the plane formed by the body of the scapula below the spine on the anterior surface
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ventral infraspinous plane
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upper arm bone that articulated proximally with the scapula and distally with the ulna
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humerus
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part of the humerus for articulation with the glenoid cavity; half ball-shaped; proximal end
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head
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tubercle on humerus on the anterior surface that is larger and protrudes anterolaterally
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greater tubercle
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tubercle on the humerus that protrudes anteriorly
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lesser tubercle
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larger, spool-like surface that serves as a bidirectional surface for the olecranon process of the ulna
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trochlea
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a smaller, rounded surface lateral to the trochlea on the anterior side; serves as a rotational surface for the head of the radius
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capitulum
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depressions
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fossae
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on the posterior surface of the humerus; receives the olecranon process of the ulna during extension
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olecranon fossa
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on the anterior surface of the humerus; receives the coronoid process of the ulna during maximum flexion
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coronoid fossa
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bones that makeup the forearm
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radius and ulna
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the radius takes care of ____ while the ulna controls ____
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rotation; flexion
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long bone, lateral to the ulna, on the same side of the forearm as the thumb; roucd, button-like head at the proximal end which articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna
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radius
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part of the radius that should be visible on the proximal shaft; attachment area for the biceps muscle; larger on dominant side
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radial tuberosity
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long bone medial to the radius; head is distal
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ulna
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the larger process at the proximal end of the ulna; forming the semilunar notch and the elbow
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olecranon process
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where the ulna articulated with the wider portion of the radius
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ulnar notch
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the articular surface for the trochlea of the humerus; formed by the olecranon and coronoid processes
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semilunar notch
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How many bones are in the human hand?
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27
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How many carpals are in the human hand?
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8
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How many metacarpals are in the human hand?
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5
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how many phalanges are in the human hand?
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14
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Midline, frontal suture; connects the halves of the frontal bone
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metopic suture
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the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord reaches the brain
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foramen magnum
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the outer surface of the squamous portion of the occipital bone; rigid horizontally with a thick center
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external occipital protuberance
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Four curved lines on the exterior of the occipital bone
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Nochal lines
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Small irregular bones sometimes formed in the sutures of the cranium.
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Wormian bones
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undersurface facets of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.
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Occipital condyles
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The thin wall that extends upward and outward form the ear; articulates with the parietal, the greater wing of the sphenoid and the squamous part of the occipital
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Squamous portion of the Temporal Bone
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the large conical projection directly posterior to the ear; between the external auditory meatus and the occipital
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Mastoid Process
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houses the auditory canal; extends anteriorly and medially between the lateral portions of the occipital and the sphenoid
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petrous portion
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extends anteriorly form the external auditory meatus; articulates with the temporal process of the zygoma and forms the zygomatic arch
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zygomatic process
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The outer opening of the ear canal
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External Auditory Meatus
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Articulates with the frontal bone; one of the major processes that extends from the maxilla
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frontal process
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Holds the top set of teeth in place
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alveolar process
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Mental Protuberance
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Chin
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True ribs
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1-7
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False ribs
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8-10
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floating ribs
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11-12
-don't attach to the sternum |
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True ribs
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1-7
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False ribs
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8-10
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floating ribs
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11-12
-don't attach to the sternum |
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The most superior bone of the innominate; large, flaring portion that forms the "hip bone"
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Ilium
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The most inferior bone of the innominate; dense, rounded bone that carries the weight of a sitting person
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Ischium
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The most anterior bone of the innominate
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Pubis
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where the femur articulates with the innominate
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acetabulum
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inner surface of the ilium where the sacrum articulates
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auricular surface
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the lower midline of the innominate where the pubic bones approximate each other; cartilage joint between pubic bones
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pubic symphsis
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Women have a ____ sciatic notch than men
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wider
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a notch on the posterior edge of the ilium and extending down onto the ischium, an area of distinct sexual dimorphism
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sciatic notch
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large opening bordered by the pubis, ischium, and the ischio-pubic ramus
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obturator foramen
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the "thigh bone"; heaviest and strongest bone of the body
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femur
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the larger and more superior of the two protuberances between the neck and the shaft of the femur
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greater trochanter
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the smaller and more inferior of the two protuberances between the neck and the shaft of the femur
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lesser trochanter
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the muscle attachment line on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft
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linea aspera
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the medial articular surface for the tibia
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medial condyle
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the lateral articular surface for the tibia
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lateral condyle
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the pit in the femoral head providing attachment for the ligamentum teres
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fovea capitis
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the "kneecap"
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patella
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the "shin bone"; second largest bone
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Tibia
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the "shin";the sharp ridge on the anterior shaft of the tibia
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anterior crest
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the projection on the disto-medial end of the tibia; the inner "ankle bone"
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medial malleolus
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long, thin bone on the lateral side of the lower leg
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fibula
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the proximal end of the fibula
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head
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the distal end of the fibula; the lateral "ankle bone"
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lateral malleolus
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How many bones are in the foot?
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26
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How many tarsals are in the human foot?
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7
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How many metatarsals are in the human foot?
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5
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How many phalanges are in the human foot?
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14
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part of tooth covered with enamel; the first too structure to appear as the tooth develops
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crown
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the conical elevations on the tooth surface
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cusps
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the part of the tooth covered with cementum and anchored to the alveolus by the periodontal ligament
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root
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the area where the crown and root meet and then gingiva attaches
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neck or cervix
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the tip of the root through which vessels and nerves enter the puple chamber
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root apex
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biting teeth; no cusps; single root;
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incisor
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pointed teeth on either side of the incisors; longest 4 teeth in mouth; 1 cusp; single root;
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canine
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the 2 teeth distal to the canine; 2 cusps; 1 or 2 roots;
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premolar
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3 teeth distal to the premolars; chewing or grinding teeth; multiple cusps; multiple roots; upper have 3 roots, lower have 2 roots;
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molar
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