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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Domestic Violence prevalence |
difficult to determine because its interpersonal. |
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What does DV include |
Psychological;Physical Violence; Sexual aggression |
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Who perperates DV more? |
Equal male and female |
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What is the DV rate |
no concensus |
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How many people were killed by DV in one year? |
1200 women; 440 men |
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Psychological consequences of DV |
depression; low self esteem; PTSD; stress |
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Reduced self esteem is related to |
physical and psychological abuse |
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Violent partners who seek treatment are |
???
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Risk factors for DV |
age; SES; race/ethnicty (african american;hispanic/latino;non-whites); marriage dissatisfaction; witnessing child abuse; being drunk or high; poor communication; lifetime events (i.e.pregnancy); a gun; breakup |
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Psychological characteristics related to DV perpertrators |
anger; substance abuse; borderline personality; self-defeating characteristics |
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When using booze/drugs when does DV happen? |
Immediately prior or during DV; risk 8 times higher on days of substance abuse |
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Treatment for DV |
Duluth Model; CBT |
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What is the Duluth model |
confrontational challenge to the perp |
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Community interventions for DV |
Safehouse; Shelter; Advocacy programs |
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What is Safe house? |
Unpublicized location for temporary shelter |
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Criminal Justice interventions for DV |
mandatory arrests; protective and restraining orders |
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Battered women are __ times more likely to commit suicide |
8
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DV Prevalence
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Difficult to determine, it can mean any violence or aggression in the context of a interpersonal relationship
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DV Includes
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Psychological violence,Physical violence, Sexual aggression
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Men and women perpetrate
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similar rates of domestic violence
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DV rate
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there is no clear consensus, According to crime reports over 1200 women and 440 men were killed by an intimate partner in one year
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Prominent psychological consequences of DV include
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Physical injuries, Psychological abuse has more severe long term effects than physical abuse, depression, low SE, PTSD
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Psychological abuse occurs
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Normally occurs before physical abuse
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Violent partners who seek treatment are
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problematic
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Risk factors for the perpetration of DV
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Age Inverse relationship to perpetration of DV; SES Inverse relationship to perpetration of DV, Race/Ethnicity
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Higher rates of DV
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African American, Hispanic/Latino, Non whites, Marital dissatisfaction, Witnessing childhood abuse
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Intergenerational transmission of violence suggest that
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individual exposed to DV as a child are more likely to perpetrate it at adulthood
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Risk for DV increases with
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the immediate use of alcohol and drugs, Poor communication pattern, Lifetime events, During pregnancy, When there is the presence of a handgun, When ending the relationship
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Psychological characteristics related to DV perpetration
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anger or hostility, Substance abuse, borderline personality, self defeating characteristics
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Chronic substance abuse and use
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immediately prior to or during DV episode, Risk is 8 times higher on the days of substance use
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Borderline personality characteristics for DV
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Heightened levels of depression, Suicidal ideas, Suicidal behaviors
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Treatment of DV |
Duluth Model, CBT |
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Duluth Model
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The cause of DV is the continued subjugation of women by men and DV is just another way to control women, Treatment is based around confrontational challenges to perpetrator
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Based on ineffective thought processes that lead to anger and violence
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Community Interventions include
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Safe house, shelter, advocacy programs, CJ interventions
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Safehouse
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Unpublicized location for temporary shelter
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Shelter
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More permanent than safehouse
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Advocacy programs
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An advocate who assists the victim
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Criminal Justice Interventions
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Mandatory arrests, protective orders and restraining orders
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Adolescents are not
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adults and are not afforded all the rights of adults
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The focus for juveniles is
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interventions
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Any child under age 7 is
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not responsible
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Many believe that ages ____lack the ability to form mens rea
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7 to 14
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The focus of the juvenile justice system has historically been on
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the rehabilitation of children and adolescents
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Kent v US |
Kent v US-Children have a right to a formal hearing before having their cases transferred to adult criminal court, and the formal hearing “must measure up to the essentials of due process and fair treatment.” Essential stated that children receive the worst of both worlds, not being allowed due process like adults and not being allowed the treatment that children are supposed to get. This case recognized the right for juveniles to have the assistance of counsel if they faced criminal charges. |
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Supreme Court concerned that youth did not
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receive due process and required counsel be afforded to youth when there were criminal charges
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In re Gault, 1967, the Supreme Court held that
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juveniles should be given due process rights and be advised of their right to counsel.
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Status offenses are offenses that could only be committed by someone who was
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not yet an adult; Truancy, Running away from home
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In the 80s and 90s all states moved away from the rehabilitation model to
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a punitive model
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Punitive model
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Age ranges for transfer cases was increased , Kids as young as 12 can now be transferred to adult court,
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Previously the case expired when the adolescent became
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‘adult age.’ Now they are transferred to adult facilities when they turn of age to serve longer sentences
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Juvenile delinquency issued to describe behavior that is
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a violation of criminal law by an offender who is not yet an adult
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Less than ___ of youths have ever been arrested
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6%
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Less than ____of those have committed violent crimes
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10% of youths
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Dramatic increase in juvenile crime is from
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girls
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Currently ____of caseload is for girls, compared to ____ in 1985
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28%, 19%
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Risk Factors for juvenile delinquency
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Substance abuse, Mental Health Concerns, Academic difficulty, Learning disabilities, Male gender, Offense history, Low socioeconomic status
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Race is
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not a significant predictor once SES is controlled for, Family instability
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The more of these protective factors, the less likely to recidivate |
Intelligence, Personality traits, Positive temperament |
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_____is the leading cause of death among Hispanic and African American adolescent males-
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Homocide |
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Crime rates for violent crimes is the lowest in
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30 years except for the female population
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There has been over an ____ increase in female juvenile crime
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80%
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Juveniles who perpetrate violence commit ____non violent crimes than violent crimes
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more
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Sexual Violence stats for juveniles |
About 19% of rapes are committed by male perpetrators under the age of 19, About 1/3 of child molesters are juveniles, About 7% of juvenile sexual offenses are committed by girls |
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The Role of the Forensic Psychologist in Juvenile Courts |
treat, evaluate: transfer evals, competency evals |
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The number of treatment programs has
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increased tremendously in the last 20 years
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The best programs reduce reoffense rates by
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40%
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Multisystemic therapy
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focus is understanding problems across different systems (peers, family, school, society)
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Multimodal intervention
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focus matching needs with treatment
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Cognitive-behavioral treatments are used in
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treating juveniles
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Evaluate juveniles for
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treatment amenability, ie Does the juvenile appear willing and able to benefit from treatment?
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Conducting transfer evaluations
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Transfer when the juvenile court believes a juvenile poses a long-term threat to society, Risk for reoffending in the future, Maturity, Amenability to treatment
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Competency Evaluation are done because
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many juvenile offenders are not competent to stand trial
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Insanity Evaluation are not
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not standardized to youth
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Violence risk or threat assessment
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assess if a juvenile poses a threat to act in the future
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The public perception that school shootings are a nationwide epidemic can most likely be attributed |
to sensationalistic coverage by the national news media |
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The focus of empirically tested guidelines for school shootings suggests that
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the focus be on managing problems to prevent violence is the most important aspect.
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School Shootings Threat assessment
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useful because most school shooters tell someone of their plan
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Courts are more or less likely to adopt the opinions of forensic psychologists than in other areas of forensic practice.
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less
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Courts generally consider psychological evaluations more or less critical in child custody cases
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less
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Court decision is similar tochild custody evaluation |
27% of the time, and similar in other types of cases 64% of the time |
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Tender-years doctrine (through the 1970s)
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The natural custodian of a child of tender years was almost always the mother, Children were considered to be chattel – personal property
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Best interest of the child (current standard)
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Custody is based on the development and continued maturation of the child, judges lack training to make these determinations properly., Most child custody experts prefer that they don’t represent one side, and that both parents retain them
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Any negative impact of divorce on children is likely because of
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the level of conflict and poor relationship between parents.
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Research suggests that children in joint custody were better adjusted than
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those in sole custody
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The Sleeper Effect
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seemingly normal adjustment though childhood following the divorce of a child’s parents but is then followed by an adulthood with heightened levels of anxiety and betrayal.
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Surveys of forensic experts reveal that
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they rate absence of domestic violence as the most important criteria for determining child custody.
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The _____is the most frequently administered test to parents, as a part of child-custody evaluation
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MMPI-2
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There is no universally accepted best practice standard for conducting an evaluation
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true
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The framework for civil law is contained in
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the legal concept of torts or tort law
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o A branch of law concerned with wrongs against individuals |
Torts |
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Four elements that constitute a tort
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Duty or obligation, violation of duty, damages, proximate cause, Violation of that duty entails, Negligence (a person fails to act in a reasonable manner to avoid violation of a duty-does not involve determining intent), Intentional torts (intent is the issue and not the outcome of the behavior, Assault and battery are examples of an intentional tort), Strict liability (It is not important to prove the conduct was wrong but only that someone was doing something dangerous)
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Types of damages |
Compensatory and punitive |
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The violation must be the proximate cause of the damages .Proximate cause is the term for |
the primary, immediate, or substantial cause of the damage |
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Three most prominent Personal Injury Cases
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PTSD, neuropsych damage, chronic pain
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PTSD/ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is the only mental illness that requires
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a specific triggering event for the disorder to be diagnosed.
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Neuropsychological damage
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The severity of traumatic brain injury is usually assessed by all of the following, except the severity of the blow to the head.; The severity of a traumatic brain injury is normally most associated with the length of time the person is unconscious.; The fixed battery necessitates that the examiner administer a standardized set of neuropsychological tests in an identical manner to get a comprehensive picture; In the flexible process approach, the examiner is selective about the specific tasks he asks of the examinee and usually selects tests that only assess only those areas for which the symptoms suggest possible impairment.
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Chronic Pain is
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Difficult to determine (ie Personality differences, Determining cause, Malingering)
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Types of disabilities
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factual, social, legal
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Factual disability
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An illness or injury that prevents a person from carrying out their job or any job.
Is covered by disability in insurance contracts. |
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Social disability
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Example is that a physician may contract a communicable disease that prevents him from performing as a surgeonIs not covered by disability in insurance contracts
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Legal disability
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Someone who is unable to work because of a license revocation or suspension
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Compensatory damages vs. Punitive damages |
Compensatory damages are awarded in order restore the plaintiff to a previous condition., Punitive damages are intended to punish the defendant for his behavior |