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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Properties of evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single source |
Class characteristics |
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The process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin |
Comparison |
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The process of determining a substance’s physical or chemical identity |
Identification |
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Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with a extremely high degree of certainty |
Individual characteristics |
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A formula for determining how frequently a certain combination of characteristics occurs in a population |
Product rule |
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Frequency of occurrence of an event |
Probability |
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When a forensic analyst determines the chemical composition of a preparation that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of what? |
Identification |
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When a paint chip found on a hit and run victim’s garment is examined side by side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident, this is an example of what? |
Comparison |
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When items of evidence have individual characteristics this can lead to a determination of common origin (ie the conclusion that they are from a single source) which type of evidence cannot yield such results? |
Single layer paints |
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The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ____ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics |
Greater than |
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Corroborative use of physical evidence is using it to do what? |
Support other investigative findings |
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Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if |
The standard reference sample (ie control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence of the crime scene |
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Forensic database are not maintained for which one of the following? |
Dental impressions |
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The combined dna index system (CODIS) became fully operational in what year? |
1998 |
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A component of the National Integrated ballistics information network is called |
IBIS |
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Evidence with class characteristics can do which of the following |
Exonerate an innocent suspect |
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If the laboratory can piece together broken glass from a window or headlight, then the evidence has ____ characteristics |
Individual |
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During a comparison analysis, a suspect specimen and a control specimen are subjected to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining what? |
Whether or not they have a common origin |
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Pollen and spores can be used to provide links between a crime scene and a person or object |
True |
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The pollen of entomophilous plants are dispersed by wind |
False |
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It is not possible to identify a geographical origin by the type and percentages of airborne pollen grains |
False |
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It is not possible to define a simple analytical scheme that can be applied to all types of evidence |
True |
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Individual characteristics are properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of certainty |
True |
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The greatest weakness of individual physical evidence is that it cannot be related to a common origin with a high degree of certainty |
False |
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The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to corroborate events with data in a manner that is, as nearly as possible, free of human error and bias |
True |
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A forensic scientist uses the most sensitive analytical techniques available when comparing suspects substances |
False |
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Bloody always has class characteristics |
True |
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Achieving identification requires that the number and type of tests needed to identify a substance be sufficient to exclude all other substances |
True |
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The forensic scientist has the greatest control over the quality and quantity of the specimens received |
False |
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It is a duty of the forensic scientist to draw a conclusion about the origins of the specimens |
True |
